Separators, electromagnetic

A second approach to the production of weapons material was the uranium electromagnetic separation process, based on research at the University... 

The electromagnetic separation plant built during World War 11 at Oak Ridge, involved two types of calutrons, alpha and beta. The larger alpha calutrons were used for the enrichment of natural uranium, and the beta calutrons were used for the final separation of U from the pre-enriched alpha product. For the electromagnetic separation process, UO was converted into UCl [10026-10-5] with CCl. The UCl was fed into the calutron for separation. The calutron technique has been used to separate pure samples of and stable isotopes of many other elements. The Y-12 calutron... 

G. A. Akin, H. P. Kackenmastei, R. J. Schiadei, J. W. Stioheckei, and R. E. Tate, ChemicalProcessingPlantEquipment Electromagnetic Separation Process, Oak Ridge, Teimessee, National Nuclear Energy Series, Div. 1, Vol. 12, TlD-5232, U.S. AEG Technical Information Service, 1950. 

In small boiler systems, the use of CR system strainers and high-temperature-resistant bag filters are highly recommended to prevent this corrosion debris from entering the FW system. In larger plants, condensate polishers or electromagnetic separators may be employed. Condensate dumping may even take place, although this is a wasteful and expensive process because both water and heat are lost. 

Electromagnetic separators sometimes are used as filters for the removal of ferromagnetic iron oxide from condensate and thus prevent it from being transported back to the boiler. 

Jigging is produced by a gas oscillation generator, which could be either mechanical or electromagnetic, separated from the bottom of the jigged section first by a solids knockout hopper and then by a thermal break, which is essentially a packed-bed heat regenerator. To protect further the gas oscillation generator from hot gases, a cooler is interposed between it and the thermal break. 

See also Oxygen entries 02 sensor, OBD-II, 10 58 02 tension, nitrogen fixation regulation and, 17 310. See also Oxygen entries 03. See Ozone entries O-acylation, 9 282 Oakmoss, in perfumes, 18 369 Oak Ridge electromagnetic separation plant, 25 415-416... 

On November 16, 1942, Los Alamos, New Mexico, was selected as the central site (Site Y) for a laboratory to research the physics and design of atomic weapons. Site X was at Oak Ridge, Tennessee and consisted of an experimental reactor, chemical separation plant, and electromagnetic separation facility. An area near... 

Collectors are placed at the focal points. At sufficiently high vacuum genuinely large separation factors are obtained in electromagnetic separators (high resolution in the language of the mass spectroscopist), but this important advantage is offset by sev-... 

Fig. 8.6 The principle underlying electromagnetic separation of isotopes. Electrostatically accelerated ions enter at the left. A magnetic field perpendicular to the plane of the paper causes the circular orbits shown in the sketch (See text for further detail)...

Known as electromagnetic separators, the use of preparative scale mass spectrometers (calutrons) allowed the United States to isolate a few kilograms of 235U in 1943 to produce the first atomic bomb (the Manhattan project). This process, which is relatively inefficient under a pressure of 10 3 Pa, is seldom used today. 

Electric sector, 295 Electrochromatography, 119 Electrode potential, 348 Electromagnetic separator, 294 Electromigration, 114, 117 Electron capture detector, 36 Electron ionisation, 307 Electro-osmosis, 115 Electro-osmotic flow, 114 Electrophoregram, 113 Electrophoretic mobility, 114 Electrospray, 312 ELISA, 336... 

The crude monazite sands are first concentrated by the general mechanical and physical treatments of mineral dressing. Brazilian monazite sands are processed mainly by the electromagnetic separation technique. The Indian monazite industry is essentially based on the recovery of rutile and ilmenite. Ilmenite has a magnetic susceptibility very close to that of monazite and thus direct electromagnetic separation cannot be applied to the Indian Travancore monazite sands. 

Removal of magnetic impurities from industrial wastewater is called magnetic filtration, eg, reconditioning of boiler water and regeneration of condensate in power plants. Sec also Electromagnetic Separation Magnetic Materials and Mass Spectrometry. 

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