Oak Ridge electromagnetic

See also Oxygen entries 02 sensor, OBD-II, 10 58 02 tension, nitrogen fixation regulation and, 17 310. See also Oxygen entries 03. See Ozone entries O-acylation, 9 282 Oakmoss, in perfumes, 18 369 Oak Ridge electromagnetic separation plant, 25 415-416... 

Table II. Separated Isotope Production at Oak Ridge Electromagnetic Separator, February 1956-February 1957...

Figure 2. Summary of isotope separations by Oak Ridge Electromagnetic Separations Department through 1972 (12)...

The electromagnetic separation plant built during World War 11 at Oak Ridge, involved two types of calutrons, alpha and beta. The larger alpha calutrons were used for the enrichment of natural uranium, and the beta calutrons were used for the final separation of U from the pre-enriched alpha product. For the electromagnetic separation process, UO was converted into UCl [10026-10-5] with CCl. The UCl was fed into the calutron for separation. The calutron technique has been used to separate pure samples of and stable isotopes of many other elements. The Y-12 calutron... 

G. A. Akin, H. P. Kackenmastei, R. J. Schiadei, J. W. Stioheckei, and R. E. Tate, ChemicalProcessingPlantEquipment Electromagnetic Separation Process, Oak Ridge, Teimessee, National Nuclear Energy Series, Div. 1, Vol. 12, TlD-5232, U.S. AEG Technical Information Service, 1950. 

On November 16, 1942, Los Alamos, New Mexico, was selected as the central site (Site Y) for a laboratory to research the physics and design of atomic weapons. Site X was at Oak Ridge, Tennessee and consisted of an experimental reactor, chemical separation plant, and electromagnetic separation facility. An area near... 

Phillips, R.D., Biological effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields, Proceedings of the 18th Annual Harford Life Sciences Symposium, U.S. Department of Energy, Pacific Northwest Laboratory, and Electric Power Research Institute, Oak Ridge, TN, 1978. 

The electromagnetic calutrons at Oak Ridge National Laboratory separate isotopes with the same atomic number, but different mass, to produce enriched stable isotopes. During this process, mixed isotope material is vaporised (heated) and then ionised. The ionised particles are accelerated, and their trajectories are bent by a magnetic field. The... 

Oak Ridge Alpha I calutron racetrack for electromagnetic separation of U235. Silver-wound magnets protrude like ribs spaced by semicircular mass-spectrometer tanks. Spare tanks in lef t foreground. 

The three production fadlity sites were located in valleys away from the town. This provided security and containment in case of explosions. The Y-12 area, home of the electromagnetic plant, was closest to Oak Ridge, being but one ridge away to the south. Farther to the south and west lay both the... 

The Lewis committee compromises on the electromagnetic method. The Military Policy Committee decides to build the plutonium production facilities at a site other than Oak Ridge. 

Calutrons are electromagnetic isotope separators that operate like analytical mass spectrometers. The term calutron is a tribute to the work of E. O. Lawrence and his team of scientists who developed the process at their University of California cyclotron laboratory and assisted in its transformation to a production-scale process at the electromagnetic plant located at the Y-12 site in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. The Y-12 calutron process was replaced shortly after the end of World War II by the gaseous diffusion process located at the K-25 plant (also in Oak Ridge). The gaseous diffusion operation had much larger production capabilities and was far less labor intensive. 

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