Electromagnetic dielectric spectroscopy

Broadband dielectric spectroscopy deals with the interaction of electromagnetic... 

In a similar manner to light, other types of radiation, e.g., electromagnetic waves in the X-ray domain, high-frequency electric fields, or acoustic waves, offer ways to monitor changes in composition and structure of suspensions. For instance, dielectric spectroscopy was used to investigate the moisture uptake and stability of cosmetic creams (Sutananta et al. 1996 Tamburic et al. 1996), and acoustic parameters (resonance frequency, attenuation, sound speed) were shown to correlate with sol-gel transition in suspensions of coUoidal silica (Senouci et al. 2001), as well as with the phase transition of renneted milk (Bakkali et al. 2001). 

Electromagnetic Sonic/ultrasonic Dielectric spectroscopy Resistance measurement Eddy-current testing Tap testing Acoustic emission Acousto-ultrasonics Ultrasonics Acoustic microscopy X-ray and y-ray classified among penetrating radiation... 

Although the well-established measuranent of dielectric loss is not, in its narrowest sense, strictly impedance spectroscopy, a discussion of relaxation behavior is central to the family of techniques that use the interaction of a time-varying electromagnetic signal with a material to deduce microscopic detail. The generalization of the treatment of systems with a single relaxation time (Debye behavior) to those with multiple relaxations or distributions of relaxation times is discussed in Section... 

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