Electrolyzer-powered

It was recently reported that the application of a protective polarization may be avoided by using corrosion-resistant activated electrodes [32], The polarization protection of the electrodes represents approximately 1-2% of the nominal electrolyzer power. Assuming the capacity factor of the electrolyzer cannot exceed the one of the wind turbine, the polarization protection should be applied during 60% of the electrolyzer s lifetime or higher depending on the relative sizes of the electrolyzer and wind turbine. 

For a given wind power installed, the sizing of the electrolyzer is not trivial. In the case of "stand-alone" systems, a one-to-one approach is often proposed, with the electrolyzer power input being equal to the nominal power output of the wind turbine. In this way, the electrolyzer should be able to retrieve all the wind power in the absence of load. In grid-connected systems, the same approach leads to the choice of an electrolyzer with a power supply equal to the power output of the wind turbine minus a "base load." However, the specific capital cost of the electrolyzer being almost equal to the cost of a wind turbine, it is important to take into account the capacity factor of the electrolyzer that will always be smaller than that of the wind turbine. 

The intermittent operation of electrolyzers powered from a wind turbine is characterized by a dynamic power fluctuation with periods of varying overload, partial load, and shutdown. The operation of the electrolyzer below 10% of its nominal power remarkably reduced the current efficiency and the purity of the product gases, inducing the shutdown of the electrolyzer, which was programmed at a safety limit of 2 vol% hydrogen-in-oxygen [52],... 

Battery SOC ---------------Electrolyzer Power (W) ----- Fuel Cell Power (W)... 

Wind-electrolysis-hydrogen production systems are currently far from optimized. For example, better integration of the wind turbine and electrolyzer power control system... 

There are a number of weaknesses with this configuration, namely a redundancy of power electronics leading to increased cost and potential for failure. The inability to match wind turbine power output to electrolyzer power requirements because of separate power electronic controllers ultimately results in reduced energy capture. 

RSW - Magnetic reed switch, SPST, NO, 1 amp TBL A - 4 position 30 amp or more DC terminal block TBL B - 3 position 30 amp or more DC terminal block TBL C - 6 position 10-20 amp DC terminal block TSW 1 - Electrolyzer power supply switch TSW 2 - Manual pump switch VR - LM 317T Voltage regulator... 

The efficiency of the electrolysis process—the theoretical amount of energy needed—39 kWh/kg of hydrogen, needs to be divided by the actual amount of energy used by the electrolysis unit to create hydrogen. Note that in this study, the energy requirement of the entire electrolysis system is used to calculate the efficiency, not just the efficiency of the electrolyzer. For example, the electrolyzer alone for the Stuart IMET 1000 requires 46.8 kWh/kg that corresponds to 83% efficiency when you divide the HHV of hydrogen by the electrolyzer power requirement. However, when you include the rectifier and auxiliaries, the energy requirement becomes 53.5 kWh/kg or 73% efficient for the system. An initial and approximate analysis was performed in [56] to find the effects of electricity... 

EFID Electrolyzer-powered flame ionization detector... 

---