Electrodes glass-ceramic

Divided cells — Electrochemical cells divided by sintered glass, ceramics, or ion-exchange membrane (e.g., - Nafion) into two or three compartments. The semipermeable separators should avoid mixing of anolyte and - catholyte and/or to isolate the reference electrode from the studied solution, but simultaneously maintain the cell resistance as low as possible. The two- or three-compartment cells are typically used a) for preparative electrolytic experiments to prevent mixing of products and intermediates of anodic and cathodic reactions, respectively b) for experiments where different composition of the solution should be used for anodic and cathodic compartment c) when a component of the reference electrode (e.g., water, halide ions etc.) may interfere with the studied compounds or with the electrode. For very sensitive systems additional bridge compartments can be added. 

Use Ceramics and porcelain glazes, pharmaceuticals, catalyst, other lithium compounds, coating of arc-welding electrodes, nucleonics, luminescent paints, varnishes and dyes, glass ceramics, aluminum production. 

Fig. 10.8 Thin-layer electrochemical cell used in SNIFTIR studies and reflection optics (a) Teflon cap (b) N2 inlet (c) glass tube (d) Teflon cell body (e) port for reference electrode (f) ceramic tube (g) Pt wire counter electrode (h) single crystal working electrode (i) hemispherical ZnSe window (k) focal plane for reflection optics (m) instrument focal plane and (n) folding mirrors (From reference 16, with permission.)...

The PTCDI films with thickness of 100 nm were prepared by laser evaporation in vacuum of 10 Pa. The LGN-703 infrared C02-laser with output power of 40 W was used for evaporation of powdered PTCDI target. The products of evaporation were deposited onto the glass-ceramic and mica substrates at 20°C (cold) and 150°C (hot). The glass-ceramic substrates contain a preliminary formed interdigital system of nickel electrodes. 

Uses Pigment for paper, textile printing, water paints, shoe creams, ceramics (electro-ceramics, welding electrodes, glass, glazes, vitreous enamels)... 

The central element of the solid oxide fuel cell stack is the SOFC cell which consists of the fuel electrode (anode), the oxygen electrode (cathode), and the ionconducting electrolyte. To reach the desired electrical voltage, single cells are stacked (cf. Fig. 21.11). They are separated by interconnects (plates) and sealed by glass ceramics. 

Kumar et al. [36] recently published a report on solid-state lithium-air batteries. The lithium-ion, conductive solid electrolyte membrane is based on glass-ceramic (GC) and polymer-ceramic materials. This solid electrolyte is used as the ionic conductive membrane between the lithium electrode and the air electrode. It also is used in the soHd composite air cathode prepared from high-surface-area carbon. The cell exhibited excellent thermal stabihty in the 30-105 °C temperature range... 

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