Tubular platinum electrode

Flow electrodes. Rather than move the electrode past the solution, the sample solution can be flowed past a stationary electrode. The tubular platinum electrode (Figure 5.34) and the gold micromesh flow-through electrode (Figure 5.35) are both ingenious attempts to produce electrodes that are useful for the measurement of electroactive materials in a continuously flowing stream. Ap-... 

Figure 5.34 Tubular platinum electrode (TPE) for flowing sample solutions.

Fig, 9. Tubular electrode detector with flowing junction between electrodes, 1 - lead to the tubular platinum electrode, 2 - lead to the reference electrode. 

Blaedel, W. j. Klatt, L. N. Reversible charge transfer at the tubular platinum electrode. Anal Chem. 1966, 38, 879-883. 

Jirovsky, D. Horakova, D. Kotoucek, M. Valentova, K. Ulrichova, J. 2003. Analysis of phenolic acids in plant materials using FIPLC with amperometric detection at a platinum tubular electrode. J. Sep. Sci. 26 739-742. 

Kobayashi et conducted steam electrolysis experiments using SrZrg gYbo.iOj. 5 tubular electrolytes (2-mm walls) with platinum electrodes (cermet with the electrolyte powder) at low temperatures (460 to 600°C) and was successful in generating hydrogen and oxygen. They used the low temperatures in an attempt to avoid excessive electronic (hole) conductivity in the electrolyte. 

Figure 8.42 shows the basic configuration of electrofiltration, where an electric field is applied across micro or ultrafiltration membranes in flat sheet, tubular, and SWMs. The electrode is installed on either side of the membrane with the cathode on the permeate side and the anode on the feed side. Usually, the membrane support is made of stainless steel or the membrane itself is made of conductive materials to form the cathode. Titanium coated with a thin layer of a noble metal such as platinum could, according to Bowen [93], be one of the best anode materials. Wakeman and Tarleton [94] analyzed the particle trajectory in a combined fluid flow and electric field and suggested that a tubular configuration should be more effective in use of electric power than flat and multitubular module. 

Figure 10.5. Experimental setup for investigating the electric field influence experiments on onedimensional pattern formation, (a) batch and (b) flow reactor. Pj, Pj platinum electrodes. R, Rj Reservoirs containing aqueous copper nitrate (0.01 M) and potassium chromate (0.1 M) solutions, respectively. B DC voltage source, M digital multimeter T tubular reactor Sj, S2 magnetic stirrers.

CE exists in a strong electric field (4 to 70 kV/m) applied in an open-tubular silica capillary (i.d. 20 to 100 pm, length 20 to 100 cm) filled by an electrolyte. Two small beakers receive the capillary ends and the two platinum electrodes of a high voltage unit that generates the electric field. 

In the case of FIA potentiometric detectors (see section 2.1), various configurations and different electrode materials, in particular platinum (wire or tubular) and graphite, with platinum or calomel as reference, have been studied [341]. Identical results with either type of indicating... 

Although a variety of different anode-cathode combinations for oxygen electrode are available, the platinum with silver/silver chloride is the most used cathode-anode combination. The often found arrangement of these electrodes is annular with the tubular silver/silver chloride anode enclosing the platinum cathode. The electrodes dip into an electrol)de solution (usually a buffered potassium chloride solution) which is held inside an electrode by an ojqrgen permeable membrane. The membrane might be a very thin polypropylene. Polarization of electrodes at 0.6 V is achieved with the help of a mercury cell. 

Tubular electrodes are generally formed by a tube made of conductive material. Platinum and graphite, are commonly used though the application of glassy carbon is rare, due to its difficult machining. The inner surface of the tube forms the surface of the working electrode. 

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