Electrode Patterns

I lOOj R. J. Good, in Treatise on Adhesion and Adhesives, edited by R. L. Partick, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1967 

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Figure 16.7 Schematic drawing of the asymmetric electrode pattern. The gold electrode was covered with a Fc-alkanethiol monolayer. The wetting of the gold electrode was switched from wetting to repulsive and vice versa by changing the electrochemical potential of the electrode.

Ni-YSZ cermets deposited by RF sputtering (230 nm) were found to have micro-structural features consisting of columnar grains 13 to 75 nm long and 9 to 22 nm wide, and showed good adhesion to the YSZ layer on which they were deposited [128], In a three-layer Ni-YSZ-Ni film deposited on NiO by RF sputtering in another study, the YSZ layer exhibited a columnar structure with some pinholes [129], Microstructural and electrochemical features of Pt electrodes patterned by lithography on YSZ have also been studied [130,131]. 

Figure 3.1. Multichamber deposition system for organic light emitting diodes (S sample, RF 02 plasma generator, P vacuum pump, Sh shutter, Q quartz microbalance, C crucibles, M mask for electrode patterning, T tungsten wires for metal deposition).

The synthesis and electrochemical properties of carbon films prepared from positive photoresist have been reported.The initial direction for this work was the fabrication of carbon interdigitated electrodes. In this work, positive photoresist was spin coated on a silicon substrate, patterned by photolithography, and pyrolyzed to form the carbon electrode. In more recent work, laser excitation has been used to both pyrolyze the film and to write the electrode pattern. ... 

A new silicone-based negative resist (SNR) for two layer resist systems was designed and prepared. It showed excellent dry etching durability to 02 RIE, high sensitivity to electron beam, X-ray and deep UV, and high resolution. Two layer resist with SNR/AZ resist is very effective to achieve submicron patterns with high aspect ratio, and will be used for the fabrication of submicron patterns over topography such as the metallization of electrode patterns in the last step of VLSI fabrication process. 

Microelectrode arrays containing AChE were also utilised within a flow injection system [40]. A system was developed where a sample was separated and flushed simultaneously through eight cells, each containing a screen-printed electrode and fitted with a separate bespoke mini-potentiostat (Fig. 15.3). This allowed multiple measurements to be made on a single water sample using multiple electrodes, each specific for a different pesticide due to inclusions of different AChE mutants in each of the electrodes. Pattern-recognition software could then be utilised to deduce the pesticide levels in a potentially complex sample. 

Electric fields A patterned top electrode generates a laterally inhomogeneous electric field [30], The replication of the electrode pattern is due to two effects. Since the time constant for the amplification of the surface instability scales with the fourth power of the plate spacing (Eq. (1.8)), the film becomes unstable first at locations where the electrode topography protrudes downward towards the polymer film. In a secondary process, the... 

Figure 4.21 Detail of the ASIC interface. Tungsten plugs surrounded by TiN and chromium forming the electrodes patterned by an insulating SiN mesh [73] (by courtesy of AlChE).

FIGURE 3.48 Cross-sectional view (along with typical liquid-flow directions) of the liquid mixer microfabricated on a silicon wafer. Also shown on the left is the electrode pattern of the transducer to form the acoustic-wave sources for a constructive wave interference in the liquid [488]. Reprinted with permission from Elsevier Science. 

Fig. 1.14. Electrode pattern for a four-probe set up. The corresponding voltage profile along the conducting channel is shown in the bottom part of the figure.

Fig. 10.23. The frame on the left shows current-voltage characteristics of an n-channel transistor formed with electrodes patterned by nanotransfer printing. Laminating these electrodes against a substrate (PET) that supports an organic semiconductor (FCuPc), a gate dielectric (GR) and a gate (ITO)...

When the polarizers P, and P2 are in the parallel position and no field is applied to the ITO electrode pattern, incident unpolarized light passes through P], The plane-polarized light then passes through the ITO electrode-PLZT... 

Many electrode patterns have been used for cure studies. Kienle and Raceused parallel cylindrical conductors immersed in the medium. Coaxial cylinder electrodes, with the sample placed between the two cylinders, were first used by Fineman and Puddington 5,6), and later by Aukward, Warfield, and Petree 16). The coaxial electrodes, like the parallel plates, have a relatively simple calibration, but are tedious to construct reproducibly for each thermoset cure experiment. Generally, any electrode configuration can be used for observing trends, but electrode size and location must be reproducibly controlled if calibrated measurements are desired. 

The thickness-shear mode (TSM) resonator, widely referred to as a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), typically consists of a thin disk of AT-cut quartz with circular electrodes patterned on both sides, as shown in Figure 3.2. Due to the piezoelectric properties and crystalline orientation of the quartz, the application of a voltage between these electrodes results in a shear deformation of the crystal. The crystal can be electrically excited in a number of resonant thickness-shear modes. 

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