Electrochemiluminescence system sensors

There is increasing interest in the use of specific sensor or biosensor detection systems with the FIA technique (Galensa, 1998). Tsafack et al. (2000) described an electrochemiluminescence-based fibre optic biosensor for choline with flow-injection analysis and Su et al. (1998) reported a flow-injection determination of sulphite in wines and fruit juices using a bulk acoustic wave impedance sensor coupled to a membrane separation technique. Prodromidis et al. (1997) also coupled a biosensor with an FIA system for analysis of citric acid in juices, fruits and sports beverages and Okawa et al. (1998) reported a procedure for the simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid and glucose in soft drinks with an electrochemical filter/biosensor FIA system. 

CNTs also have promising applications in the immunosensing field and many examples of such sensor devices can be found in the literature. For example, immunosensors with an electrochemiluminescence readout signal have been designed using CNTs as support of the immunorecognition systems [167]. 

In a series of papers, heated indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes were proposed as carriers for electrochemiluminescent sensors of diverse analytes [70-74]. The system couples the advantages of a heated electrode with the optical transparency property of ITO glass. In [70], H2O2/MCLA and TPrA/Ru(bpy)3 have been used to test the arrangement which was constructed very similar to the scheme given in Fig. 6.15. In [71], TPrA and colchicine were detected in human serum by means of the ruthenium bipyridyle ECL system. Immobilised xanthine oxidase as a sensor system for hypoxanthine has been mentioned already. It has been used also with a heated ITO electrode [72]. Further examples for electrochemiluminescence detection with heated ITO electrodes were the analysis of Ns-methyladenosine in urine... 

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