Electrochemical medical biosensors types

Construction principles and the mechanism for biosensors derived from enzymes. Combined enzymatic and electrochemical reactions proceeding on electrodes from various materials in electrolyte solutions promote development of many biosensor types for detection of glucose, amino acids, lactose, urea, pyruvate and other metabolites. Biosensors are successfully applied to environmental contamination control, medical diagnostics and the food industry. 

As well known, biosensors are small devices that provide selective analysis by monitoring biochemical molecular recognition. They are specific, fast, portable, and economical systems. On the other hand, utilization of electrochemistry brings practicality, sensitivity, accuracy, speed, and low cost to biosensor systems. POC technology needs practicality and portability together with sensitivity and accuracy. In this sense, electrochanical biosensors have the potential to become the core of POC technology. The further parts of this chapter will focus on definition and types of electrochemical biosensors, their potentials as POC systems, and their applications in medical areas. 

However, there are inherent difficulties associated with the types of samples involved. For example, in the medical area the main matrices are blood, serum, and urine, while in the food industry there are more types of samples and greater variations in their compositions. This hinders the application of electrochemical techniques, such as processes that involve biosensor design. Nevertheless, biosensors have been found to be versatile tools for the fast and accurate monitoring of acetate in model and real samples. 

---