Disinfection, electrochemical

Delaedt Y, Daneels A, Declerck P et al (2008) The impact of electrochemical disinfection on Escherichia coli and Legionella pneumophila in tap water. Microbiol Res 163(2) 192-199... 

Bergmann, M. E. H. and Koparal, A. S. (2005), Studies on electrochemical disinfectant production using anodes containing Ru02.1. Appl. Electrochem., 35(12) 1321-1329. 

Bergmann, H. and Koparal, A.S. (2005c) Problems of chlorine dioxide formation during electrochemical disinfection. Electrochim. Acta 50, 5218-5228. 

Diao, H.F., Li, X.Y., Gu, J.D., Shi, H.C. andXie, Z.M. (2004) Electron microscopic investigation of the bactericidal action of electrochemical disinfection in comparison with chlorine, ozonation and Fenton reaction. Process Biochem. 39, 1421-1426. 

Kerwick, M.I., Reddy, S.M., Chamberlain, A.H.L. and Holt, D.M. (2005) Electrochemical disinfection, an environmentaly acceptable method of drinking water disinfection Electrochim. 

Matsunaga, T., Nakasono, S., Kitajima, Y. and Horiguchi, K. (1994) Electrochemical disinfection of bacteria in drinking water using activated carbon fibers. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 43,429 133. 

Natishan, P.M. (1984) The use of composite electrodes for the electrochemical disinfection of recirculating fluids. PhD thesis, Faculty of the School of Engineering and Applied Science,... 

Wong, H.M., Shang, C., Cheung, Y.K., Chen, G. (2002). Chloride assisted electrochemical disinfection, in Proceedings of the Eighth Mainland-Taiwan Environmental Protection Conference, Tsin Chu, Taiwan. 

In contrast with all other electrically enhanced processes, electrochemical disinfection can be employed at low concentration of pollutants (in this case microorganisms). No highly conductive electrolyte is required for effective disinfection. Electrochemical disinfection will have to compete with chemicals normally used for water disinfection, such as chlorine, or ultrahltration membrane systems. In remote areas (such as rural village water supply) the electrochemical disinfection system, which does not necessarily need a pump, is competitive especially for small-scale processes [71]. 

Okochi M, Lim TK, Nakamura N, and Matsunaga T. Electrochemical disinfection of drinking water using activated carbon reactor capable of monitoring its microbial fouling. Appl Environ Microb 1997 47 18-22. 

Disinfection is the killing of vegetative microorganisms. Accepted methods must be able to reduce microorganisms by at least five orders of magnitude. Electrochemical water disinfection (ECD) is one of these methods [1]. ECD acts by means of electrochemical disinfectant generation onsite or inline (Fig. 1). Besides the disinfection effect, benefit of ECD arises from relatively simple cell construction and easy automation. 

The state of legislation and control concerning electrochemical disinfection devices in environmentally oriented applications is not satisfactory. Only in the USA, first attempts for perchlorate... 

Jeong J, Kim C, Yoon J (2009) The effect of electrode material on the generation of oxidants and microbial inactivation in the electrochemical disinfection processes. Water Res 43 895-901... 

Many electrode materials have been proposed for electrochemical disinfection, including graphite, platinum, and carbon cloth. At this point, the appearance of dimensionally stable anodes for the production of chlorine was a milestone in this technology. Its robusmess, lifetime, and good efficiency have made the number of appheations grow, and so, electrolysis with such electrodes has been proposed for the disinfection of water supply in small municipalities, and its use is also... 

Kerwick, M. L, S. M. Reddy, A. H. I Chamberlain, and D. M. Holt. Electrochemical Disinfection, an Environmentally Acceptable Method of Drinking Water Disinfection Electrochim. Acta., 50, 5270-5277,2005. 

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