Electrically Conducting Glasses

Some phosphate glasses have high ionic conductivities, which, combined with their low melting points, simple composition, ease of preparation and strong glass-forming properties, renders them potentially useful as electrical materials [30] (see also Section 12.20). 

Some glasses, for example, in the CuO/BaO/PjOj system may exhibit both electronic and ionic semiconduction, the ratio depending on the composition. 

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Reduced Wear Electrical Conductivity Glass fibers Carbon fibers Lubricating additives Carbon fibers Carbon powders Ductility, cost Tensile strength, ductility, cost Ductility, cost Tensile strength, ductility, cost... 

Electrical resistance (ER) Change in electrical conductivity Glass transition or eutectic melt... 

Metallic Glasses. Electrically conducting glasses can be prepared from combinations of predominantly metallic elements by rapid cooling or vapour deposition. Their magnetic properties make them suitable for low-loss transformer cures, and their mechanical strengths approach theoretical fracture strength, as local dislocation fracture mechanisms do not operate. 

Common name Polyphenylenesulfide, electrically conductive, glass fiber 30% ... 

Some polymers from styrene derivatives seem to meet specific market demands and to have the potential to become commercially significant materials. For example, monomeric chlorostyrene is useful in glass-reinforced polyester recipes because it polymerizes several times as fast as styrene (61). Poly(sodium styrenesulfonate) [9003-59-2] a versatile water-soluble polymer, is used in water-poUution control and as a general flocculant (see Water, INDUSTRIAL WATER TREATMENT FLOCCULATING AGENTs) (63,64). Poly(vinylhenzyl ammonium chloride) [70304-37-9] h.a.s been useful as an electroconductive resin (see Electrically conductive polya rs) (65). 

Electrical conduction ia glasses is mainly attributed to the migration of mobile ions such as LE, Na", K", and OH under the influence of an appHed field. At higher temperatures, >250° C, divalent ions, eg, Ca " and Mg ", contribute to conduction, although their mobiUty is much less (14). Conduction ia glass is an activated process and thus the number of conducting ions iacreases with both temperature and field. The temperature—resistivity dependence is given... 

N. M. Taken, ed.. Electrical Conductivity in Ceramics and Glasses Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1974. 

The electrical conductivity also increases with increasing metal oxide content, due to the high mobility of the metal ions. For example several glass compositions have been used as solid electrolytes in galvanic cells in which other metal ions apart from the alkaline and alkaline earth ions have been incorporated. The electrochemical cell... 

The chemical reactions of IF5 have been more extensively and systematically studied because the compound can be handled in glass apparatus and is much less vigorous a reagent than the other pentafluorides. The (very low) electrical conductivity of the pure liquid has been ascribed to slight ionic dissociation according to the equilibrium... 

Epoxy, polyester, phenolic and other resins are used as coatings and linings with or without reinforcement. Glass fiber, silica, carbon and many other materials can be used as filters or reinforcement to produce materials with specific properties of strength, flexibility, wear resistance and electrical conductivity. 

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