Electric utility boilers

Hazardous Air Pollutants. Tide 3 of the CAAA of 1990 addresses the release of hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) by requiring both the identification of major stationary sources and area source categories for 189 toxic chemicals and the promulgation of control standards. Major sources of air toxics, also referred to as HAPs, include any stationary source or group of sources emitting 10 or more tons/yr of any single listed toxic chemical or 25 tons/yr of a combination of any listed toxic. Area sources of HAPs include smaller plants that emit less than the 10 or 20 tons/yr thresholds. The major sources of HAPs are typically industrial facilities. However, Tide 3 requires the EPA to study potential health affects associated with emissions of HAPs from electric utility boilers (11). 

Most often, boilers bum tires or TDF as a supplemental fuel for either coal, gas, refuse-derived-fuel (RDF), or wood waste. The two industries where supplemental use of TDF is most prevalent are electric utilities, where the primary fuel is most often coal, and pulp and paper mills, where the primary fuel is most often wood waste, also known as hog fuel. These industries are discussed further in Chapter 5, TDF Use in Waste Wood Boilers, and Chapter 6, Tires as Supplemental Fuel in Electric Utility Boilers. 

Tires and TDF as Supplemental Fuel in Electric Utility Boilers... 

Baylis, A.P. Russell-Jones, A. Collecting electrode rapping designed for high efficiency electric utility boiler electrostatic precipitators. Proceedings of the Fourth EPA/EPRI Symposium on the Transfer and Utilization of Particulate Control Technology Houston, TX, U.S.A., October 1982 EPRI Palo Alto, CA. 

Acid Rain Program, Clean Air Act sections 401-416 40 CFR Parts 72-78. Add deposition control via sulfur and nitrogen oxide controls on coal- and oil-burning electric utility boilers. 

RACT for Certain Electric Utility Boilers. As described in the NOx Supplement (i), the EPA has determined that, in the majority of cases, RACT will result in an overall level of control equivalent to the following maximum allowable emission rates (pounds of NO per million Btu) for utility boilers ... 

Srivastava, R.K., Hall, R.E., Khan, S., Culligan, K., and Lani, B.W. 2005. Nitrogen oxides emission control options for coal-fired electric utility boilers. Journal of the Air Waste Management Association, 55 1367-1388. 

US EPA. Control of mercury emissions from coal-fired electric utility boilers, interim report, EPA-600/R-01-109, tables 2-2, 2-5, and 6-5. 2002. http //permanent.access.gpo.gov/lps34674/ P10071NU.pdf [accessed on 21.05.15]. 

Control of Mercuiy Emissions fiom Coal-fired electric utility boilers an update EPA Air Pollution Prevention and control division. National Risk Management Research Laboratory, ORD Research Triangle Park, NC, Feb 18, 2005 www.epa.gov/ttn /atw/utility/ord whtpaper hgcontroltech oar-2002-0056-6141. pdf Yudovich YE, Ketris MP, Mercuiy in coal a review Part 2. Coal use and environmental problems. International Journal of Coal Geology 2005, 62,135-165. 

Opportunity fuels are used in a wide variety of applications, including electric utility boilers, industrial boilers and kilns, and institutional energy systems (e.g., prisons, hospitals, colleges and universities). Frequently these fuels are used to supplement traditional fossil energy sources such as coal alternatively they may be used as the sole fuel for a given boiler (m kiln. 

Low-pressure turbine (with Main 100-200 psig Electric utility boiler-feed-... 

Electric utility boiler-feed pumps require large blocks of power that can be most economically supplied by a steam-turbine driver. Such a unit is illustrated in Fig. T-76. See also Fig. T-77. 

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