Electric discharge lamps

Figure 4 shows the CARS spectrum of D2 gas scanned using a narrow band probe (u ) laser within the bright discharge region of an electrical discharge lamp. One can see the Q-branch band heads from both the v"=0 and v"=l levels. These spectra can be used to determine both the rotational and vibrational population distributions of D within the discharge. 

The spectral characteristic of this light depends on the kind of the source the incandescent lamps are used primarily as sources of polychromatic visible light characterized by a continuous spectrum electrical discharge lamps produce band or line spectra in UV, visible and near-IR regions, whereas resonance lamps emit resonance radiation of atoms and their ions in the form of line spectra and can be used as sources of monochromatic light, eg Hg (184.9 and 253.7nm), Cd (228.8 and 643.8nm), Na (589.0nm), Zn (213.8, 330.0, 334.5, and 636.2nm), Kr (116.5 and 123.6nm), Xe (129.6 and 147.0nm) [1]. 

Weymouth J F 1982 Collision phenomena in electrical discharge lamps Applied Atomic Collision Physics, Vol 5, Special Topics ed FI S W Massey, E W McDaniel and B Bederson (New York Academic)... 

Prior to the development of transparent alumina ceramics the material of choice for the lamp-envelope market was silica-based glass. Explain why such materials are not suitable for use in the sodium vapor lamp but dominate the incandescent, fluorescent, and electric discharge lamp-envelope market. 

New Hazardous Waste Regulations were introduced in July 2005 and under these regulations electric discharge lamps and tubes such as fluorescent, sodium, metal halide and mercury vapour are classified as hazardous waste. While each lamp only contains a very small amount of mercury, vast numbers are used and disposed of each year, resulting in a significant environmental threat. The environmentally responsible way to dispose of lamps and tubes is to recycle them and this process is now available through electrical wholesalers, as described in Chapter 1. 

Electric discharge lamps - electric current passing through certain gases produced an emission of light. Mercury vapour or mercury-halide lamps, tubular fluorescent, and sodium discharge lamps are examples. 

Electric discharge lamp is a lamp where an arc is created between two electrodes within a sealed and partially evacuated transparent tube. Depending on the format of the tube, the remaining gas pressure and the trace elements that are introduced, numerous different types of lamp can be produced ... 

Fluorescent lamps are termed a low-pressure discharge lamp. An electric current passes through mer-... 

Electrical units 503, 519 Electrification due to wiping 77 Electro-analysis see Electrolysis and Electrogravimetry Electrochemical series 63 Electro-deposition completeness of, 507 Electrode potentials 60 change of during titration, 360 Nernst equation of, 60 reversible, 63 standard 60, (T) 62 Electrode reactions 505 Electrodeless discharge lamps 790 Electrodes antimony, 555 auxiliary, 538, 545 bimetallic, 575... 

Excited-state configurations are perfectiy vaiid as iong as they meet the restrictions given in Table. In the electrical discharge of a sodium vapor lamp, for instance, we find some sodium atoms in excited states with configurations such as 2 2 3 p or 2 2 p 3 These configurations use valid orbitals a... 

This type, made by the General Electric Co., is resistant to sodium vapour and is used in sodiiun vapour discharge lamps. It has a very high boric oxide content, a low softening temperature, and a low electrical resistance. It is used as an internal layer in soda glass tubing X.8. ... 

Neon lamps generate a pleasant pink-red glow. Gaseous neon within the tube (at low pressure) is subjected to a strong electric discharge. One electron per neon atom... 

The condition for observing induced emission is that the population of the first singlet state Si is larger than that of So, which is far from the case at room temperature because of the Boltzmann distribution (see above). An inversion of population (i.e. NSi > Nso) is thus required. For a four-level system inversion can be achieved using optical pumping by an intense light source (flash lamps or lasers) dye lasers work in this way. Alternatively, electrical discharge in a gas (gas lasers, copper vapor lasers) can be used. 

Figure S.4 shows a calibration graph of arsenic concentrations obtained by using a Perkin Elmer 2100 atomic-absorption system bnked to a P.S. Analytical hydride/vapour generator (PSA 10.003). An electrically heated tube has been used in this work and the spectral source was an electrodeless discharge lamp. Alternatively, a flame-heated tube can be used.

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