Elastic moduli static modulus

Plant Bending strength, MPa Cold crushing strength, MPa Elastic modulus (static), GPa Elastic modulus (dynamic), GPa Thermal coefficient of linear expansion x 10 , degree Thermomechanical strains, MPa R, degree... 

Indices are dimensionless parameters derived from various mechanical and physical properties of the tablet blend and resulting compacts. Mechanical properties typically measured include indentation hardness (kinetic and static), elastic modulus, and tensile strength (10,11). Physical properties include particle size, shape, and size distribution, density (true, bulk, and tapped), flow properties and cohesive properties. 

Thus a measurement of the ultrasonic properties can provide valuable information about the bulk physical properties of a material. The elastic modulus and density of a material measured in an ultrasonic experiment are generally complex and frequency dependent and may have values which are significantly different from the same quantities measured in a static experiment. For materials where the attenuation is not large (i.e., a ca/c) the difference is negligible and can usually be ignored. This is true for most homogeneous materials encountered in the food industry, e.g., water, oils, solutions. 

Silk is combustible, but self-extinguishing. It is a good electrical insulator and can accumulate static electricity easily, which is the reason why silk fiber processing is done at high humidity. It is 1-3 (jim in diameter, has a density of 1.25gcm , a strain to failure of between 20% and 30%, and a tenacity between 3 and 5 gram/denier. The elastic modulus of spider silk is about 10 GPa. The... 

Many relatively slow or static methods have been used to measure Tg. These include techniques for determining the density or specific volume of the polymer as a function of temperature (cf. Fig. 11-1) as well as measurements of refractive index, elastic modulus, and other properties. Differential thermal analysis and differential scanning calorimetry are widely used for this purpose at present, with simple extrapolative eorrections for the effects of heating or cording rates on the observed values of Tg. These two methods reflect the changes in specific heat of the polymer at the glass-to-rubber transition. Dynamic mechanical measurements, which are described in Section 11.5, are also widely employed for locating Tg. 

Foams usually possess a finite low-frequency elastic modulus, along with static and dynamic yield stresses. These and other aspects of foam flow and rheology can be captured qualitatively and even semiquantitatively by cellular foam models. 

The basic idea of the dynamic pressurization (DP) experiment is similar to the dynamic gas expansion (DGE) method. Both use a sudden pressure change around a gel specimen to initiate gas flow into or out of the sample, thus avoiding the delicate leakage problems typically encountered in static gas flow setups. While DGE monitors the gas pressure outside the gel as a function of time and deduces the permeability from its equilibration behavior (in principle a dynamic pycnometry experiment). DP utilizes the dynamics of the elastic deformation of the gel to deduce both elastic modulus and permeability. The deformation, or strain, is a consequence of the pressure difference between the interior and the exterior of the specimen. For example, after a sudden increase in pressure, the gas in the gel pores is initially only slightly compressed along with the elastic compression of the gel. After a characteristic time, the pressure equilibrates and the gel ideally springs back to its original dimensions. 

Figure 4. Evolution of the combined elastic modulus (25 i3 + 5 33) and bulk compressibility of aker-manite, showing significant static softening close to the phase transition. Values of (25i3 + 533) were calculated from consecutive data points as c- dctdp)=2(c, i - py, and values...

Static modulus of elasticity test with 100x 100x200mm specimen. 

The compressive static modulus of elasticity is shown in Table 4. The static modulus decreases when water cement ratio is increased, and the static modulus increases when the packing ratio of wood-chip is decreased. 

Table 4. Compressive static modulus of elasticity of wood chip concrete unit 103MPa...

Bending Strain Static elastic modulus (Young s Modulus, i.e., the slope of the stress-strain curve in the elastic region) Crystalline morphological transitions... 

The elastic modulus by this dynamic method is slightly higher than by load extension, a quasistatic method. Tests involving elastic deformations, where either stress or strain is held constant, are called static tests. In quasistatic tests, stress or strain is changed slowly with time, and in dynamic tests, stress and/or strain are varied rapidly with time. 

With a temperature change the short-term static strength, the elastic modulus, and the elongation behavior of a material will be similar for it s tensile, compressive, flexural, and shear properties. A... 

This method has largely been developed by Sakurada and his colleagues, and depends on observing the shift under a static load of the X-ray diffraction spots associated with periodic structures in the polymers. It is fully described in Ref. 6. It was first used by Dulmage and Contois to measure the elastic modulus of the crystalline phase in a range of polyesters and polyesteramides, and these results are discussed below. 

Gibson, A.G. at al. (1978). Dynamic mechanical behaviour and longitudinal crystal thickness measurements on ultra-high modulus linear polyethylene a quantitative model for the elastic modulus. Polymer, Vol. 19 (1978), pp. 683-693 Hong, K. et al. (2004). A model treating tensile deformation of semi-crystalline polymers Quasi-static stress-strain relationship and viscous stress determined for a sample of... 

---