Cold crushing strength

Cold crushing strength = Load at failure/Area 

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In general, the Fe and Al ions showed the highest ion removal rates, while Ca, Mg, Na, K, and Ti ion removal was minor. All ions were removed in amounts less than 0.06 wt %. Silicon, the predominant chemical constituent in the brick, was not leached from any samples, indicating that the siliceous bond was not affected by chemical exposure this may explain why no trends in cold crushing strength changes were observed. 

Figure 381. Cold crushing strength of filter dust briquettes with and without swarf reinforcement as a function of curing time and with different amounts of chemical binder ...

Fig. 5.17 Cold crushing strength of briquettes from metal bearing dust, containing different amounts of dry lignosulfonate binder (called sulfite waste ), with and without swarf reinforcement, as a function of (natural) curing time.

Cold crushing strength shall not be less than 15 kg/cm. ... 

ASTM C-93 Cold crushing strength and modulus of rupture of insulating firebrick... 

ISO 8895 2004 Shaped insulating refractory products - determination of cold crushing strength... 

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH (q.V.). BS 1902 specifies cold crushing strength of shaped insulating refractories (Pt. 4.1) and dense refractories (Pt. 4.3) and... 

Fig. 1.1 The records of (a) open porosity of nitride-bonded silicon carbide side lining refractories (in the customer s specification, the open porosity should be below 18 %) (b) the cold crushing strength of nitride-bonded silicon carbide side lining refractories (in the customer s specification, the cold crushing strength should be above 150 Mpa)...

Fig. 1.2 The records of the cold crushing strength of (a) vermiculite heat insulation materials (in the customer s specification, the CCS should be above 1 MPa) (b) carbon (30 % graphite) cathode materials (in the customer s specification, the CCS should be in the range 25-50 MPa)...

If the customer requires the property to be in an interval of values (e.g., cold crushing strength not lower than 45 MPa and not higher than 80 MPa), then the Cp index is calculated ... 

Usually for the estimation of the mechanical properties of the refractories, specialists use cold crushing strength (CCS or compressive strength), (flexural) bending strength (modulus of rapture, MOR), and elastic modulus (or Young s modulus). In the specification of refractory materials that will be subjected to abrasion, erosion, and wear, usually the characteristics of wear resistance are included. In research practice, the hardness, fracture toughness, and some other characteristics may be taken into account. 

Plant Bending strength, MPa Cold crushing strength, MPa Elastic modulus (static), GPa Elastic modulus (dynamic), GPa Thermal coefficient of linear expansion x 10 , degree Thermomechanical strains, MPa R, degree... 

After baking, the ramming paste is tested for apparent density [42—44], open porosity [46, 47], cold crushing strength [26, 27], thermal conductivity [38], and electrical resistivity [21,22]. Also, it is possible to measure the ash content [51,52] (Table 2.11). 

Compressive strength, compression strength, cold crushing strength, CCS a... 

For insulating properties, cold crushing strength and thermal conductivity may become important. When one property is greater, the other property may become less. For example, high porosity, which is required for insulation, will lead to reduced slag resistance. 

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