Effluent volume

If steam is used as stripping agent, either live steam or a reboiler can be used. The use of live steam increases the effluent volume. The volatile organics are taken overhead, condensed, and recycled to the process, if possible. If recycling is not possible, then further treatment or disposal is necessary. 

Researchers at AECI s Research and development Department have developed a novel microwave depolymerisation process for the thermal decomposition of polymethyl methacrylate and the recovery of the monomer methyl methacrylate. This comprehensive article supplies a detailed explanation and examination of the process which has been patented in South Afriea. The microwave technology provides a purer produet which will simplify downstream processing and reduee effluent volume and chemical consumption. 

Reduction of effluent volume A first step. May require a combination of other control methods. 

Plant biomass requirement (tons/yr) Effluent volume (tons/yr)... 

The effluent volume is the total volume that has come off the column by the time the analyte is eluted. 

The effluent volume is the most convenient parameter to measure in gel permeation chromatography because flow rates are often variable, making the use of retention times unsuitable. The sequence of different solutes emerging from a column will therefore be reported as the total volume of solvent that has emerged from the column when the substance appears in the effluent (Ve). 

The measurement of effluent volume is not very reliable because of the effect of the geometry and packing characteristics of any column. It is often more useful to use a reduced parameter, such as V/V0, which is not so dependent upon column characteristics and is comparable with the calculation for RF values in thin-layer chromatography. 

In the case of displacement of a single species, i.e. the exchange of a single ion from the liquid phase for a single ion in the solid phase, the effluent volume at which a given concentration XA emerges from the column is... 

Water sprays should be used only as a stopgap measure, because of the swell they cause in the plant s effluent volume, and also their tendency to create a safety hazard in the vicinity of the cooler. 

Chromatogram. A plot of the detector response (which uses effluent concentration or other quantity used to measure the sample component) versus effluent volume or time. 

Figure 2. Effluent volumes (based on stage product volumes) as a function of feed composition ion exchange...

Figure 4. Measured effluent PCE concentrations versus effluent volume for a) Column 1 (4% Tween 80), b) Column 2 (4% Tween 80 + 5% EtOH), and c) Column 3 (4% Tween 80 + 10% EtOH).

Specially-shaped open channel flow section device which may be installed in a canal, lateral, or ditch to measure the flow rate, such as that of an industrial effluent. Volume 2(1). 

Bioassay belonging to a test battery for the determination of the toxicity class of a wastewater effluent. Volume 2(3). 

Administrative or political authorities in charge of setting-up and enforcing a law or set of rules. For example, regulatory authorities implement rules to protect the aquatic environment from impairment due to the release of toxic effluents. Volume 2(2). 

The polypeptide product was simultaneously removed from the resin and completely deprotected by treatment with anhydrous liquid HF. A mixture of 2.0 g of protected polypeptide resin and 2 mL of anisole (scavenger) in a Kel-F reaction vessel was treated with 20 mL of redistilled (from CoF3) anhydrous liquid HF at 0°C for 30 minutes. The HF was evaporated under vacuum and the residue of (pyro)-Glu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-3-(2-naphthyl)-D-alanyl-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH2,as its HF salt, was washed with ether. The residue was then extracted with glacial acetic acid. The acetic acid extract was lyophilized to yield 0.8 g of crude material. The crude polypeptide was loaded on a 4x40 cm. Amberlite XAD-4 column (polystyrene-4% divinylbenzene copolymer) and eluted with a concave gradient from water (0.5 L) to ethanol (1 L). The tubes containing fractions from effluent volume 690 mL to 1,470 mL were pooled and stripped to dryness to yield 490 mg of partially purified polypeptide. 

Fig. 8. Elution curves for carrier-free actinides (An), Nb, Ta, and Pa from TiOA/Voltalef columns (1.6x8 mm) under the same conditions as in the dubnium experiments. The horizontal error bars are associated with uncertainties in converting drop numbers into effluent volumes, i.e., times. In the upper part, the 262Db is sorbed on the column from a) 12 M HC1/0.02 M HF, b) 10 M HC1, and is stripped along with the TiOA from the column in acetone/0.02 M HF. In the middle part, the activity is extracted as in a), followed by separate elutions of a Nb,Pa fraction, and a Ta fraction. In the lower part, the activity is extracted as in b), followed by a Pa, and then a Nb fraction. The number of 262Db decays observed in a given fraction is given in the text. Reproduced from [42] with the permission of Oldenbourg Verlag.

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