Efficient utilization of energy

Okazaki, K. (1993) Proceedings of the International Symposium on C02 Fixation and Efficient Utilization of Energy, Tokyo, Japan, pp. 37-42. Indarto, A. (2008) IEEE Trans. Dielectric Electr. Insulation, 15,1038-1043. 

M. Specht, A. Bandi, K Schaber, T. Weimer in CO2 Fixation Efficient Utilization of Energy, Y. Tamaura, K. Okazaki, M. Tsuji, S. Hirai (Eds.), Tokyo Institute of Technology, Research Center for Carbon Recycling Utilization, Tokyo, Japan (1993) 165... 

Y. Tamaura, Y. Wada, T. Yoshida, andM. Tsuji, International Symposium on CO2 Fixation and Efficient Utilization of Energy, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan, October 23, (1995) 337... 

From a thermodynamic perspective the essential difference between PSA and thermal swing processes is that in the PSA system the energy recfuired to achieve the separation is put into the system as mechanical work rather than as heat. Since mechanical energy is generally more expensive than heat, efficient utilization of energy is essential for an economic PSA system. Such considerations become especially important in the larger scale units. 

As stated above, the object of evaporation may be to concentrate a solution containing the desired product or to recover the solvent. Sometimes both may be accomplished. Evaporator design consists of three principal elements heat transfer, vapor-liquid separation, and efficient utilization of energy. 

We are ready now to carry out entropy change calculations and use them in applications of the second law, such as the establishment of the feasibility of processes and the efficient utilization of energy in them. 

The second law establishes also the criterion for the efficient utilization of energy in a given process the less total entropy - system plus surroundings- it generates, the more efficient it is. (This subject is considered in more detail in Chapter 5.)... 

In summary, fuel cell development is being accelerated both by the wide variety of applications and by the search lor cleaner and more efficient utilization of primary energy and, ultimately, renewable energy. Because these forces for change are unlikely to disappear, It is quite likely that fuel cells will emerge as one of the most important and pewasive power sources for the future. 

In spite of the fact that all elements of the systems of production, conversion, transportation and consumption of energy are improving continuously, the growth of national incomes calls for an appropriate growth in the utilization of energy. This can be attained through an increased production of fuel and construction of new and more efficient power plants, pipelines, power transmission lines and so on. 

High efficiency of the reaction under visible light is the key to the efficient utilization of solar energy. To utilize visible light, the band gap of the semiconductor must be smaller than 3 eV. However, it is very difficult to drive a largely endothermic reaction using semiconductors with small band gaps. This is... 

Solid oxide fuel cells are regarded as the energy production systems for 21 st century due to their high efficiency, utilization of a variety of the fuel resources, and environmental friendliness. 

Therefore, it is anticipated that this initial project will lead to broader social and environmental advances and act as a model for further cogeneration plants. Conversion of hydro, wind and, solar energy to electricity and to hydrogen will open a new venue for the efficient utilization of renewable energy resources in Azerbaijan. 

From a different (but related) environmental perspective, provision of adequate supplies of food, shelter, medicines and resources of energy and raw materials already constitute serious global challenges. Superimposed over the issues of safety and the environment introduced above are difficult and long-term problems involving sustainability. The current population of planet earth, approximately 6 billion, has tripled since 1938. Various projections indicate that by 2050 it will be about 11 billion, nearly twice the present level. Innovative methods for greater food production from diminishing tracts of available arable land and increased and efficient utilization of renewable resources will be essential. 

At some undetermined point in evolution, the function of these induced enzymes apparently changed from efficient utilization of an energy source to detoxification. In... 

Since the Californium-I campaign (17) at the U.S. Department of Energy Savannah River site and the consequent availability of a much better quality of feed, the emphasis is shifting toward efficient utilization of the finite inventory of curium feedstocks so as to be able to support the transplutonium element research program on a useful scale for an extended period of time. 

---