Efficiency photoelectrochemical cells

ANON, 10 % Efficient Photoelectrochemical Cell (PEC), World Wide Web, http //www.nrel.gov/basic sciences/chemsci.html. National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden (1998), and KHASELEV, O., TURNER, J.A., A Monolithic Photovoltaic-Photoelectrochemical Device for Hydrogen Production via Water Splitting, Science 280 (1998) 425-427. 

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Tenne R, Wold A (1985) Passivation of recombination centers in n-WSe2 yields high efficiency (>14%) photoelectrochemical cell. Appl Phys Lett 47 707-709 Chaparro AM, Salvador P, Peter LM (1995) The role of surface defects in the photooxidation of iodide at n-MoSe2 evidence for a local autocatalytic effect. J Phys Chem 99 6677-6683... 

Nakato K, Takabayashi S, Imanishi A, Murakoshi K, Nakato Y (2004) Stabilization of n-Si electrodes by surface alkylation and metal nano-dot coating for use in efficient photoelectrochemical solar cells. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 83 323-330... 

Nakato, Y., Ueda, K., Yano, H., and Tsubomura, H., Effect of microscopic discontinuity of metal over layers on the photo voltages in metal-coated semiconductor-liquid junction photoelectrochemical cells for efficient solar energy conversion, /. Phys. Chem., 92, 2316, 1988. 

Fig. 3.23 Efficiency under near UV illumination of a photoelectrochemical cell comprised of a titania nanotube array photoanode and Pt counter electrode. For the calculation of efficiency using equation (3.6.13), a two electrode geometry was used while for the calculation using equations (3.6.15a) and (3.6.16), a three electrode geometry was used.

Recently, Raja et al. [132] proposed a method to calculate efficiency. In this method, the power output by the three-electrode photoelectrochemical cell is calculated by considering the voltage increase between the anode and cathode due to light illumination under external bias conditions. 

Kainthala RC, Zelenay B, Bockris JOM (1987) Significant efficiency increase in self-driven photoelectrochemical cell for water photoelectrolysis. J Electrochem Soc 134 841-845... 

The overall reaction of the photoelectrochemical cell (PEC), H2O + hv H2 -I- I/2O2, takes place when the energy of the photon absorbed by the photoanode is equal to or larger than the threshold energy of 1.23 eV. At standard conditions water can be reversibly electrolyzed at a potential of 1.23 V, but sustained electrolysis generally requires -1.5 V to overcome the impedance of the PEC. Ideally, a photoelectrochemical cell should operate with no external bias so as to maximize efficiency and ease of construction. When an n-type photoanode is placed in the electrolyte charge distribution occurs, in both the semiconductor and at the semiconductor-... 

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