Efficiency enhancing methods

In general, the extraction process must be streamlined to reduce solvent consumption since removal of solvents can represent a major bottleneck. Additionally, the extraction method chosen should support the first step of fractionation for library generation. Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) represents an efficient extraction method in terms of low solvent consumption and extraction speed. Supercritical fluids exhibit high diffusivity with low viscosity and low surface tension they can readily permeate biomass matrices and solvate molecules, including drug-like compounds, leading to efficient extractions. The addition of small amounts of organic co-solvents may enhance... 

Ten books and ten years later, we are delighted to present you the decennial volume of the series. This volume will be released just few months prior to the 15th CCTCC conference that is scheduled for November 2006. There have been important developments during this decade — computers are more powerful and faster, code features are enhanced and more efficient, and studied molecules are larger and can be studied not only in vacuum but also in an environment of a solvent or in crystal. In addition, the chemical and physical community celebrated the 1998 Nobel Prize that was awarded to two leading computational experts. It was not by chance that Walter Kohn and John A. Pople have been recognized by the Nobel Committee for their contributions to the development of efficient computational methods for quantum chemistry. 

In Section 3 the Zeeman polarization-enhanced method is discussed. The method demonstrates its efficiency when spin-lattice relaxation time of the NQR spin-system is long enough to ensure the feasibility of the adiabatic demagnetization process. 

High catalyst activity and utilization of sputtered thin films was demonstrated in operating fuel cells. Optimal sputter-deposition conditions for platinum-ruthenium alloys have been determined. The effect of composition on the performance of Pt-Ru films was studied, and optimal composition has been determined. Novel methods of enhancing surface area and improving porosity have been identified. Co-sputtered ruthenium oxide has been demonstrated not to have any significant beneficial effect on the activity of the catalyst layers. While cost presents a major obstacle to commercialization of DMFCs for mobile applications, this project demonstrates novel means to reduce the catalyst costs in DFMC fuel cells. Efficiency enhancements that are also necessary for DMFCs to be viable will be addressed... 

An enhanced method uses Blue Rayon as the supporting material in place of cotton. Blue Rayon is, likewise, rayon-bearing, covalently bound copper phthalocyanine trisulfonate, but it can contain two to three times more blue pigment, making Blue Rayon a more efficient adsorbent than Blue Cotton [92],... 

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