Effect of environment

H. Kovacs, A.E. Mark, J. Johansson, and W.F. van Gunsteren. The effect of environment on the stability of an integral membrane helix Molecular dynamics simulations of surfactant protein C in chloroform, methanol and water. J. Mol. Biol, 247 808-822, 1995. 

ASTM STP 462, Effects of Environment and Complex Eoad History on fatigue Efe, ASTM Puhhcations, Philadelphia, 1968. 

J. M. Whitney and J. E. Ashton, Effect of Environment on the Elastic Response of Layered Composite Piates, AIAA Journal, September 1971, pp. 1708-1713. 

Table 3.21C Effect of environment type on atmospheric corrosion. 18 years ...

Fig. 8.63 Effect of environment on fatigue crack growth rate in 1% Cr-Mo-V steel at 550°C (after Tomkins and Wareing )...

In common with many of the alloy-environment systems described so far, if the alloy is not susceptible to stress-corrosion cracking under constant stress or stress intensity, then little or no effect of environment on fatigue crack growth is observed. In these cases, frequency, R ratio and potential within the passive or cathodically protected ranges for titanium have no effect on growth rates. 

Scott, P. M., Effects of environment on crack propagation , pp. 220-257 in Chell, G. (ed.). Advances in Fracture Mechanics, Applied Science Publishers, (1981)... 

Temperature dependence (related to the temperature dependence of the conformational structure and the morphology of polymers) of the radiation effect on various fluoropolymers e.g., poly (tetrafluoroethylene-co-hexafluoropropylene), poly(tetrafluoroethylene-co-perfluoroalkylvinylether), and poly(tetrafluoroethylene-co-ethylene) copolymers has been reported by Tabata [419]. Hill et al. [420] have investigated the effect of environment and temperature on the radiolysis of FEP. While the irradiation is carried out at temperatures above the glass transition temperature of FEP, cross-linking reactions predominate over chain scission or degradation. Forsythe et al. [421]... 

Determine effects of environment on persistence, activity and effectiveness of allelopathy. 

Rollo, F., M. Ubaldi, I. Marota, S. Luciani, and L. Ermini (2002), DNA diagenesis Effect of environment and time on human bone, Ancient Biomolec. 4(1), 1-7. 

Including the Effects of Environment in Semi-Empirical Calculations... 

Finerty MW, Madden JD, Feagley SE, Grodner RM (1990) Effect of environs and seasonality on metal residues in tissues of wild and pond-raised crayfish in southern Louisiana. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 19 94—100... 

Figure 8.8. Examples of nonexponential fluorescence decay curves 9,10-diphenyl-anthracene on alumina for chromatographic purposes (Uhl.Oelkrug, unpublished results) (unnumbered curves time profiles of the excitation pulse, 2 - 360 nm). Upper left effect of environment (1) high vacuum, (2) liquid n-hexane. c=3/tmol g"1,2 =440 nm. Upper right effect of fluorescence wavelength (1) 2 = 500 nm, (2) 440 nm, (3) 406 nm c=3 /tmol g 1. Lower left effect of surface loading (1) 3 /rmol g (2) 0.13 mol g , (3) 0.02/r mol g"1 2e=440. Lower right effect of sample thickness (l) d - . (2) d - 0 c - 3 /tmol g 1, 2 = 440 nm.

FIGURE 1.3. Effect of environment on the catalytic active site. The active center of a Ti alkoxide is bonded to one of the three hydroxyl groups of an incompletely condensed silsesquioxane. If the other two hydroxyl groups condense with each other (bottom scheme), the steric hindrance to the active site is much less than if they are converted to alklylsilane groups (top scheme). The latter is significantly less active than the less hindered active site. 

Although numerous studies (1-3) have described work aimed at establishing criteria for the durability of adhesive joints, a thorough understanding of effects of the chemical and mechanical properties, on the durability of adhesive bonds is lacking. More specifically, the effects of surface preparation and dynamic loading, especially under environmental service conditions, has not been explored in detail for automotive structures. In this paper, a description of the effects of environment on the durability of adhesive bonds is presented. Particular attention is given to... 

Table V. Effects of Environment and Load on Bond Durability During Fatigue...

Chapter 4, Where Should We Look for Explosive Molecules In this chapter we examine the processes that affect the release of explosive molecules from a munition and their movement to some location where a sensing system may encounter them. The effects of environment and transport through soil, air, and water are explored. 

Termine, J. D., Peckauskas, R. A., Posner, A. S. Calcium phosphate in vitro. II. Effects of environment of amorphous-crystalline transformation. Arch. Biochem, Biophys. 140, 318 (1970)... 

Hedrick, I. G., Whiteside, J. B. Effects of Environment on Advanced Composite Structures in AIAA Conference on aircraft composites the emerging methodology of structural assurance, San Diego, CA, Paper No. 77-463 (1977)... 

All the absolute values of k reported in the literature are collected in Table 1. In all cases the figures should refer to the reaction of the ion-pair with monomer. The results are too fragmentary and in some cases of uncertain accuracy for a detailed discussion of the effect of environment on reactivity. A few points are clear. The reactivity of the relatively unsolvated ion-pair in hydrocarbon solvents is relatively large and may even be comparable with that of the solvated ion-pair in tetrahydrofuran despite the large difference in dielectric constant. The reactivity of the ether-solvated ion-pair in solvents of lower dielectric constant is lower than either. The first effect of etherate formation is to decrease the reactivity of the ion-pair which can be increased again by an increase of the dielectric constant of the solvent. 

Csaky, T.Z. Thale, M. (1960). Effect of environment on intestinal sugar transport. J. Physiol. Lond. 151,59-65. 

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