Effects of displacement

Consequences of the Snyder and Soczewinski model are manifold, and their praetieal importance is very signifieant. The most speetaeular conclusions of this model are (1) a possibility to quantify adsorbents ehromatographic activity and (2) a possibility to dehne and quantify chromatographic polarity of solvents (known as the solvents elution strength). These two conclusions could only be drawn on the assumption as to the displacement mechanism of solute retention. An obvious necessity was to quantify the effect of displacement, which resulted in the following relationship for the thermodynamic equilibrium constant of adsorption, K,, in the case of an active chromatographic adsorbent and of the monocomponent eluent ... 

Zhu, J., Katti, A. M., and Guiochon, G., Effect of displacer impurities on chromatographic profiles obtained in displacement chromatoraphy, Anal. Chem., 63, 2183, 1991. 

The classical kinetic energy of the system has now been separated into the effect of displacement of the center of mass of the system, with momentum P and that of the relative movement of the two particles, with momentum p. In the absence of external forces, the interaction of the two (spherical) particles is only a function of (heir separation, r. That is, the potential function appearing in Eq. (37) depends only on the internal coordinates x, y, z. 

Figure 3.12 Partial dislocations in copper (a) a unit dislocation, Burgers vector bl (b) initially slip is easier in the direction represented by the Burgers vector of the partial dislocation b2 than bl (c) the result of the movement in (h) is to generate a stacking fault and (d) the combined effect of displacements by the two partial dislocations b2 and b3 is identical to that of the unit dislocation, but the partials are separated by a stacking fault.

Displacement chromatography is commonly used for preparative-scale separations, but, because of its focusing or concentrating effect, it also shows potential on the analytical scale, for example, for the concentration of minor components in complex mixtures.24,25 Operationally, displacement chromatography is similar to the step elution process, except that in the displacement process the mobile phase has a greater affinity for the stationary phase than for the sample components, and therefore the components are eluted ahead of the displacer front. The focusing effect of displacement chromatography is due to the fact that the concentration of the displacer determines the concentration of the product bands.26... 

The anticipated effect of column overload and eventual effect of displacement is shown diagrammatically in Figure 5.2. 

The 7r-bonding hypothesis is further supported by calculations of the differences in intrinsic free energy of adsorption, i.e., AGacjs, with the effect of displaced water molecules subtracted. For a series of butyl, phenyl and naphthyl derivatives these were found to be —6-4, —8-9, and —12 4 kcal mole-1, respectively. 

The water-activity relations, effects of displacements of water or effects of changes in the state of water must be the most important factors to trigger and to promote the denaturation of muscle proteins during frozen storage. 

Fig. 2.22 Effect of displacing half the distribution, without bias, in each size interval, together with misplacing 25% in each size interval into the next finest interval.

Fig. 8. Effect of displacement rate on the yielding (Wg y) and the necking/tearing (Wg related parts of the specific essential work of fracture at various temperatures.

The resolved vibronic peaks in electronic absorption and emission spectra contain the information about the distortions of a molcule in the excited state. The purpose of this section is to interpret the intensities of these vibronic peaks by using the time-dependent theory which was described in Sections III.A and III.C. Effects of displacements A, the damping factor F, and other vibrational modes are discussed. 

The sample components start to move because of the effect of displacer, and the displacer front forms a displacement train of adjacent spots. 

Thus, displacement chromatography provides an attractive procedure of trace enrichment. An enrichment ratio of several orders of magnitude can easily be achieved in practice. Such high ratios are possible because of the squeezing effect of displacement on trace bands (if the band is ten times narrower as in Fig-... 

Wang, K.-L., Liao, G.-Z., Yang, Z.-Y, Li, J.-L., 2001c. Experimental smdy of the effect of displacing fluid viscosity in polymer and ASP flooding. Oilfield Chemistry 18 (4), 354-357. 

FIGURE 11.30 Effect of displaced promoters on CHF for bulk boiling of water. 

The Effect of Displaced Atoms and Ionizing Radiation on the Oxidation of Graphite ... 

Tod Todo, M., Tahahashi, K., Beguelin, P., Kausch, H.-H. Effect of displacement rate on the mode 1 fracture behavior of rubber toughened PMMA. JSME Int. J. 42 (1999) 49-56. 

It appears that our measurement follows the Smith model. But it is noted that the Reynolds number of our data for low Gortler parameter is considerably small. Then, it seems that the Blasius flow no longer holds good for those data. In connection with this problem Ragab and Nayfeh computed the neutral stability curves taking into account of the effect of displacement thickness of boundary layer. According to their results the curves approach to that of the Smith model departing from that of modified Smith model at low wave number when R becomes small. 

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