Effect on Liquid Product Composition

The results obtained from the simulated distillation analysis of the products were used to calculate the relative amounts of the fractions of naphtha, middle distillates, vacuum gas oil, and unconverted vacuum residue. The boiling ranges of each of the fractions considered in this study are naphtha IBP— 204°C, middle distillates 204°C-343°C, 

Modeling of Processes and Reactors for Upgrading of Heavy Petroleum 

FIGURE 6.8 Effect of ratio on distillation curves of the product at 420°C. (-) feed, 

With these data, the yield of each fraction was calculated by the following equation  

Thermal and catalytic hydrocracking reactions have been reported to occur in cascade (Yang et al, 2011), that is, the vacuum residue is hydrocracked to form vacuum gas oil the vacuum gas oil hydrocracks to produce middle distillates, and so forth. Depending on the reaction conditions, occurrence of some path reactions can be more difficult, or they could not even be present. 

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