Effect of solid surface

However, for the lubricants with lower viscosity, e.g.. Polyglycol oil 1 and 2 with the kinetic viscosity of 47 mm /s to 145 mm /s in Table 1, the transition from EHL to TFL can be seen at the speed of 8 mm/sand23 mm/s, i.e., the relationship between film thickness and speed becomes much weaker than that in EHL. The transition regime can be explained when the film reduces to several times the thickness of the molecular size, the effect of solid surface forces on the action of molecules becomes so strong that the lubricant molecules become more ordered or solid like. The thickness of such a film is related to the lubricant viscosity or molecular size. 

ZoBell, C. E. 1943. The effect of solid surfaces upon bacterial activity. Journal of Bacteriology... 

Zavarzin, G.A., 1964. Metallogenium symbioticum. Z. Allg. Mikrobiol., 4 390—395. ZoBell, C.E., 1943. The effect of solid surfaces upon bacterial activity. J. Bacteriol., 46 39-56. 

PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF A1 YL KETXRIES IN THE ADS( tBED STATE EFFECTS OF SOLID SURFACES UP(R( THE PHOTOLYSIS... 

Photochemistry of Alkyl Ketones in the Adsorbed State Effects of Solid Surfaces upon the Photolysis (M. Anpo)... 

The molecules in the first layer have different potential energies due to the effect of solid surface molecules, Ui = l/ads = -I/des. 

The beneficial effects of solid surfaces on the rates of bromination reactions were observed as eai ly as 1923 [4-6], The polarity of the glass surface was found to enhance the rates of bromination of ethylene. Halogenation reactions over zeolite catalysts have been reviewed [1]. A summary of halogenations over non-zeolite (until mid-1999) and zeolite (1995-mid 1999) catalysts is given in Table 1. 

Figure 16. The effect of solid surface charge on adsorption of anionic and amphoteric surfactants. Key SS, Berea sandstone LS, Indiana limestone and Dolo, Baker dolomite. (Reproduced with permission from reference 12. Copyright 1992 Elsevier Science Publishers.)...

There is one approach in the theories of adsorption that is extremely useful in considering the effects of solid surface energetic heterogeneity. It has been used mainly to study adsorption equilibria, but it can also be applied to the study of adsorption kinetics, as we will soon show. For that reason we repeat briefly the principles of that approach, called the CA (condensation approximation) approach. 

The effect of solid surface modification with polymer brushes on sliding friction has been investigated using surface force apparatus (SFA) measurements [31-43]. 

ROZEANU, L. and SNARSKY, L., Effect of solid surface lubricant Interaction on the load capacity of sliding bearings, Jnl. Lub. Tech., Trans. ASME, 100, 1978, pp 167-175. 

Oliver, J. F., Huh, C. and Mason, S. G., An experimental study of some effects of solid surface roughness on wetting. Colloids Surf., 1, 79-104 (1980). 

Of particular importance in many chemical reactions is the catalytic effect of solid surfaces. The possibility that catalytic reactions may be enhanced by laser irradiation of surfaces has stimulated many investigations in this field [14.9]. The laser can excite either molecules adsorbed at a surface or molecules in the gas phase close above the surface. In both cases the desorption-adsorption process may be selectively affected, because the interaction of excited molecules with the surface is different from that of ground state molecules. 

Fletcher, M. Effect of Solid Surfaces on the Activity of Attached Bacteria. In Bacterial adhesion. Savage, D.C Fletcher, M., Eds . Plenum New York, 1985 pp 339-362. 

As indicated above, the nature of the solid surface involved in the adsorption process is a major factor affecting the manner and extent of surfactant adsorption. At this point it might be usefiil to briefly discuss some of the specific effects of solid surface characteristics on the mode of adsorption, as well as to clarify the meaning of efficiency and effectiveness as appUed in the context of surfactant adsorption. 

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