Effect of orientation

Because the cells can intermpt the optical path in random orientations, individual scattering intensities are not proportional to cell volume. However, because thousands of cells of each type pass through the flow cell, the effects of orientation can be averaged To a first approximation HCT and platelet crit (PCT), the percentage of blood sample volume occupied by platelets, is proportional to the sums of the scattering intensities of the ted cells and platelets, respectively. MCV can be computed from HCT and RBC, whereas MPV can be computed from PCT and PLT. The accuracy of MCV deterrnined by this method is tied to the RBC accuracy, as is the case for the manual MCV method. Ortho Instmments Corporation s ELT-8 uses these counting and sizing methods. 

Table 11. Effect of Orientation on Oxygen Permeability for Certain Polymers...

The quantitative assessment of the degree of crystallite orientation by x-ray examination is not free of ambiguity. From a comparative analysis [23] in which results obtained from the consideration of (105) and from three different variations of equatorial reflection were compared, the conclusion was that the first procedure can lead to underrated results, i.e., to the underestimation of the orientation. However, it can be assumed that this does not result from an incorrect procedure, but from ignoring the fact that the adjacent (105) reflex can overlap. The absence of the plate effect of the orientation is characteristic of the orientation of crystallites in PET fibers. The evidence of this absence is the nearly identical azimuthal intensity distributions of the diffracted radiation in the reflexes originating from different families of lattice planes. The lack of the plate effect of orientation in the case of PET fiber stretching has to do with the rod mechanism of the crystallite orientation. 

The effect of orientation on the physic-mechanical properties is taken into account with the help of appropriate coefficients in the respective formulas [152,155, 157], The procedures for determining these coefficients are described in the same references. 

Fig. 8-20 Effect of orientation during melt flowing through a cavity.

Figure 8.11 Effect of orientation on deformation zones observed during puncture testing, viewed from above ...

XII. Copolymers and Plasticization XHf. Effect of Orientation XIV. Block Polymers am) PolyblendS- ... 

Fig. 23 Effect of orientation of the aromatic ring on the conjugation with the enediyne system.

The xf value of the LB film is about 10 times larger than that of the MOPPV cast film. When we consider only the effect of orientation of the MOPPV chains on x(3), the relation between x(3> of the films with perfectly aligned x-conjugated chains and that of unoriented film is presented by the eq.(18). The value of is 1/5 for three-dimensional random orientation and 3/8 for only in-plane... 

Polystyrene (PS), 7 610t 23 326, 348, 358. See also Polystyrenes Styrene Styrene plastics biodegradation of, 23 376 brominated, 11 470-474 chain transfer to, 23 383 colloidal suspensions, 7 275 crystalline syndiotactic, 23 388 decomposition of, 14 109 effect of orientation on oxygen permeability, 3 393t... 

Fig. 20. Effect of orientation of orifice on bubble formation under constant flow conditions.

HEISS, J. F. and Coull, J. Chem. Eng. Prog. 48 (1952) 133. The effect of orientation and shape on the settling velocity of non-isometric particles in a viscous medium. 

W. van der Meer, H. Pottel, W. Herreman, M. Amclott, H. Hendrickx, and H. Schroder, Effect of orientational order on the decay of the fluorescence anisotropy in membrane suspensions, Biophys. J. 46, 515-523 (1984). 

McCullough, J.P., Finke, H.L., Gross, M.E., Messerly, J.F., and Waddington, G. Low temperature calorimetric studies of seven 1-olefins effect of orientational disorder in the solid state, / Phys. Chem., 61(3) 289-301, 1957. 

The effect of orientation on the cross section is striking, but is still hidden by the variation of the cross section with energy. The steric factor, G, the signal difference normalized to the cross section as,... 

In summary, preliminary experiments have demonstrated that the efficiency and outcome of electron ionization is influenced by molecular orientation. That is, the magnitude of the electron impact ionization cross section depends on the spatial orientation of the molecule widi respect to the electron projectile. The ionization efficiency is lowest for electron impact on the negative end of the molecular dipole. In addition, the mass spectrum is orientation-dependent for example, in the ionization of CH3CI the ratio CHjCriCHj depends on the molecular orientation. There are both similarities in and differences between the effect of orientation on electron transfer (as an elementary step in the harpoon mechanism) and electron impact ionization, but there is a substantial effect in both cases. It seems likely that other types of particle interactions, for example, free-radical chemistry and ion-molecule chemistry, may also exhibit a dependence on relative spatial orientation. The information emerging from these studies should contribute one more perspective to our view of particle interactions and eventually to a deeper understanding of complex chemical and biological reaction mechanisms. 

Sekiwa, Y., Y. Mizuno, Y. Yamamoto, K. Kubota, A. Kobayashi, and H. Koshino. Isolation of some glucosides as aroma precursors from ginger. Biosci Biotech Biochem 1999 63(2) 384—389. Cho, J. Y., J. Park, P. S. Kim, et al. Inhibitory effect of oriental herbal medicines on tumor necrosis factor-alpha production in lipopolysaccharide-... 

Z0199 Kuraishi, Y., T. Nanayama, T. Yamaguchi, T. Hotani, and M. Satoh. Antinociceptive effects of Oriental medicine kei-kyoh-zoh-soh-oh-shin-bu-toh in mice and rats. J PharmacobioDyn 1990 13(1) 49-56. 

Fig.36. Variation in electrical conductivity (o) with molecular weight for polyethylene composites filled with 4% by volume carbon black, demonstrating the effects of orientation (I), degradation (II) and flow-induced segregation of carbon black aggregates (III). ( ) injection moulded (O) compression moulded (unoriented) [181]...

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