Effect of Mechanical Action

The investigation of physico-chemical means of controlling the structure, and mechanical (rheological) properties of disperse systems and materials at various stages of their synthesis, molding, treatment and exploitation with a primary focus on a combined effect of mechanical action... 

Macromolecular dispersion in HDPE with patch—like transfer is defined by polymer—metal and polymer—polymer adhesive interactions. The major contribution to macromolecular dispersion is from the alternating areas of polymer—polymer and metal-polymer contacts. Macroradicals generated within polymer—polymer contact may recombine on the metallic surface to form chemisorption and coordination complexes with an oxide film. Under the dynamic contact this process may increase the effect of mechanical actions on the macromolecular dispersion of polyolefine. 

Paulo, A. C., and Almeida, L. (1994], Cellulase hydrolysis of cotton cellulose The effects of mechanical action, enzyme concentration and dyed substrates, 10, 353-360. 

T. reesei, TC, Humicola insolens, EGV, EGV-core Cellulomonas fimi, CenA-core Staining levels, effect of mechanical action Cellulases without CBDs and mechanical action caused less backstaining... 

In the expression for heating value, it is useful to define the physical state of the motor fuel for conventional motor fuels such as gasoline, diesei fuel, and jet fuels, the liquid state is chosen most often as the reference. Nevertheless, if the material is already in its vapor state before entering the combustion system because of mechanical action like atomization or thermal effects such as preheating by exhaust gases, an increase of usefui energy resufts that is not previously taken into consideration. 

Durability in its broadest sense covers all aspects of irreversible property change with time and use. This includes all types of environmental agent that contribute to degradation and all aspects of mechanical action. This guide seeks to be comprehensive but concentrates on the most common environmental effects and the most important mechanical properties. More details of the test procedures used can be found in text books and the relevant international standards as referenced. 

The chemical mechanisms supporting the biological effects of the actions elicited by benzoxazinones and benzoxazolinones are not well understood. However, a lot of work has been invested in this field, and some reasonable hypotheses exist.37 It has been shown that the combination of both cyclic hemiacetal and cyclic hydroxamic acid is a requirement for high bioactivity, which can be enhanced by a 7-methoxy donor substituent. 

Connection of modifier structure with the effect of its action and also interconnection of polymer structure with the structure of either additive are not finally revealed up to now. For many modifiers mechanism of their action is not known at all, though their efficiency is known. 

IX.4.2. The Role of External Conditions and the Structure of Solid in the Effects of Adsorption Action on Mechanical Properties of Solids... 

FYom the multitude of intricate corrosion processes in the presence of mechanical action (friction, erosion, vibration, cavitation, fretting and so on) it is justified to touch upon corrosion types joined under a single failure mode induced by mechanical stresses. These are the stresses that govern the corrosion wear rate of metals during friction. Such processes are usually called corrosion stress-induced cracking in the case that the mechanical action is effective only in one definite direction, or otherwise termed corrosion fatigue in the case that compressive and tensile stresses alternate within cycles. In spite of the differences between the appearance of these corrosion types, they have much in common, e.g. fundamental mechanisms, the causes, and they overlap to a certain degree [19]. 

Other examples of how metal-containing compounds act through a gas phase mechanism can be mentioned. Martin and Price [116] used triphenylic derivatives of antimony, arsenic, bismuth and tributyl acetates in order to reduce the combustibility of epoxy polymers. It is known that triphenylstibine evaporates without noticeable decomposition at temperature close to 360°C. The effectiveness of its action is greater than that of the bromine flame retardant (with 46% Br). Thus when there are 7 Sb atoms per 10 000 atoms of C in the substrate (O.S nol.% of additive) the oxygen index of the material is higher than in the case c 13.7 mol.% bromine-containing flame retardant, i.e. 350 Br atoms per 10 000 C atoms in the substrate when the concentrations are equal (2. metal atoms per 1000 C atoms), the effectiveness of the compound decreases in the sequence Sb > As > Bi > Sn. Since arsenic compounds are very toxic, they are not of interest in this respect. 

---