EEONOMER Conductive Additives

Eeonomer 200 Intrinsically Conductive Polypyrrole-Based Additive Appearance Black Bulk Conductivity 30 S/cm 

Surface Resistivity Down to 0.5 otmi/sq. (per customer spec.) 

Temperature Limits Process up to at least 290C (560F) Solubility not-soluble 

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Figure 9. Volume resistivity (VR) of polypropylene/nylon-6 blend as a function of polypyrrole content in Eeonomer. Conductive additive loading is 4 wt % for all compounds.

One of the main limitations of intrinsically conductive polymers (ICP s) towards their wide application as conductive additives for thermoplastics is their poor thermal-oxidative stability at typical melt processing temperatures (i.e., above 200 °C). On the other hand, the use of high surface area carbon blacks (CB) as conductive additives is limited due to the increased melt viscosity of their blends with thermoplastics. Eeonomers are a new class of thermally stable, chemically neutral, and electrically conductive composites made via in-situ deposition of conductive polyaniline (PANI) or polypyrrole (PPY) on CB substrates. Eeonomer composites are more stable (up to 300 °C) than pure ICP s and more easily processible with thermoplastics than CB. Use of Eeonomers as conductive additives for plastics lead to compounds with improved electrical, mechanical, and processing properties. By varying Ae conductive polymer to CB ratio, it is possible to fine tune the polarity of Eeonomer composites and achieve very low percolation thresholds. This control is possible because of preferred Monomer localization at the 2D phase boundary of the immiscible polymer blends. 

Eeonomer with intermediate polarity would tend to be localized at the phase boundary of a plastic blend. As mentioned earlier, such a segregation of the conductive additive leads to increased conductivity of plastic compounds (P-77). The possibility for adjusting Eeonomer polarity should allow one to select the optimal conductive additive for a variety of immiscible plastic blends. 

Eeonomers are a new class of conductive additives for thermoplastics made via in-situ deposition of intrinsically conductive polyaniline or polypyrrole on carbon black. Eeonomers are highly thermally stable, pH neutral conductive materials that are compatible with the chemistry and melt processing conditions of acid sensitive polymers. Compounding studies with thermoplastics indicate better electrical, mechanical, and melt flow properties of Eeonomer blends as compared to blends with traditional carbon blacks. In co-continuous plastic blends it was possible to fine tune the polarity of Eeonomer by varying the conductive polymer to CB ratio. The same variation affords very low percolation thresholds due to preferred Eeonomer localization at the 2D phase boundary. 

The properties of some thermoplastic compounds that were prepared with Eeonomer additives are given in Table I. Also, listed as a control for comparison is a nylon-6 compound with uncoated carbon black. The mechanical properties of the Eeonomer - nylon compounds are observed to be similar or better than the control. Note that in the nylon-6 case, the polypyrrole - Eeonomer compound offers improved mechanical properties over the polyaniline composite while still retaining the same conductivity level. 

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