Ecological threshold principle

Terrestrial wildlife movements are such that site-specific tools are more efficiently used to refine exposure estimate. In this case, site-specific exposure estimates are used and compared with safe thresholds for toxicity, termed toxicity reference values (TRVs). Toxicity reference values for wildlife have been developed for energetic compounds. This chapter presents a brief overview of the processes used to establish these tools for ERA for explosives and related soil contaminants that are frequently of potential ecological concern at the affected military sites. This chapter also provides recommendations for use of these values in the ERA process. Investigations addressing the importance and extent of habitat disturbance as a component of the ERA process on explosives-contaminated ranges are reviewed in Chapter 11. General bioaccumulation principles and applications of the bioaccumulation factor and bioconcentration factor (BAF and BCF, respectively) concepts that are often employed in the ERA process to determine bioaccumulation potential of MC for terrestrial receptors are reviewed in Chapter 10. 

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