Ebonex ceramic electrodes

Miller Folk R. R., Noftle R. E. and Pletcher D. J. (1989) Electron transfer reactions at Ebonex ceramic electrodes. J. electroanalyt. Chem. 274, 257-261. 

Ebonex electrodes — When Ti02 is placed into an atmosphere of hydrogen at a temperature higher than 1000 °C partial reduction and formation of Ti02 x phases occurs. Of particular interest is Ti407, a black ceramic material of high electrical conductivity and chemical inertness. This material, Ebonex, has been formed into ceramic electrodes for applications as -+ dimension-ally stable anode [ii] or - cathode [iii]. 

The Ebonex ceramic anode has been used to study the electrolytic oxidation of trichloroethylene to CO2, CO, Cl , and ClOa [19]. Ebonex and Pb02-coated Ebonex electrodes were used for the electrochemical treatment of phenolic pollutants in water [20]. 

Graves, J.E. Fletcher, D. Clarke, R.L. Walsh, F.C. (1992) The electrochemistry of Magneli phase titanium oxide ceramic electrodes, n. Ozone generation at Ebonex and Ebonex/lead dioxide anodes. J. Appl. Elec-trochem., 22(3), 200-203. 

Park S-Y, Chi EO, Kwon YU, Park HE, and Mho S-I. Characteristics of Pt thin films on the conducting ceramics TiO and Ebonex (Ti407) as electrode materials. Thin Solid Films 1995 258(Suppl. l-2) 5-9. 

Early research on Ebonex, including its discovery in 1981, has been described by Hayfield, who noted that an impetus for its development was to find an electrode material that would be resistant to highly corrosive environments [1], As a ceramic material, Ebonex powder can be sintered into a variety of shapes and also porosities [2],... 

Ebonex electrodes have been used for electrolysis of both organic and inorganic pollutants, as anodes or as cathodes. Ebonex is produced from inexpensive starting materials (titania and hydrogen) and has excellent corrosion resistance and the ability, as a conductive ceramic, to be... 

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