Eating disorders nervosa

Anorexia Anorexia is loss of appetite. You may be familiar with the eating disorder, anorexia nervosa, in which the victim restricts dietary intake to starvation levels. Anorexia may be a symptom of acute or chronic exposure to certain chemicals. If you have suffered an unexplained loss of appetite in conjunction with other unusual symptoms, you may want to explore the MSDSs for chemicals that... 

Anorexia nervosa (AN) and Binge-eating disorder (BED) 1. Increased blood levels of AEA in patients with AN and BED may participate in reward aspects of aberrant eating behaviours 1. None tested... 

Anorexia Nervosa and Related Eating Disorders, Inc. (ANRED)... 

The DSM-IV includes two primary eating disorder diagnoses Anorexia Nervosa (AN) and Bulimia Nervosa (BN). The DSM also includes a... 

Millions of people in the United States are affected by eating disorders. More than 90% of those afflicted are adolescents or young adult women. Although all eating disorders share some common manifestations, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating each have distinctive symptoms and risks. 

Anorexia nervosa sufferers can exhibit sudden angry outbursts or become socially withdrawn. One in ten cases of anorexia nervosa leads to death from starvation, cardiac arrest, other medical complications, or suicide. Clinical depression and anxiety place many individuals with eating disorders at risk for suicidal behavior. 

The current SSRIs in the United States inclnde fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, sertraline (Zoloft), paroxetine (Paxil), citalopram (Celexa), and escitalopram (Lexapro). All effectively treat major depression. In addition, one or more of the SSRIs has been shown effective in the treatment of dysthymic disorder, the depressive phase of bipolar disorder, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, panic disorder, social phobia, obsessive-compnlsive disorder, bnlimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder. 

Bupropion has also been used to treat the eating disorders anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Unfortunately, their electrolyte abnormalities leave patients with eating disorders especially vulnerable to seizures therefore, bupropion is no longer used to treat them. 

Characteristic Anorexia Nervosa Bulimia Nervosa Binge-Eating Disorder... 

If formally recognized, BED would represent the most common of the eating disorders with a prevalence of 2-5% among adult women in the United States. In addition, BED is mnch more common among men than other eating disorders. The female/male ratio of BED is approximately 2 1 in contrast to the ratio of 10 1 for anorexia nervosa (AN) and BN. 

Attia E, Schroeder L. Pharmacologic treatment of anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord 2005 37(Supplement) S60-S63. 

Burnet, P.W., Smith, K.A., Cowen, P.J., Fairburn, C.G., and Harrison, P.J. (1999) Allelic variation of the 5-HT2C receptor (HTR2C) in bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder. Psychiatr Genet, 9 101-104. 

Ferron, E, Considine, R.V., Peino, R., Lado, I.E., Dieguez, C., and Casanueva, F.R (1997). Serum leptin concentrations in patients with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and non-specific eating disorders correlate with body mass index but are independent of the respective disease. Clin Endocrinol 46 289-293. 

Childhood-onset anorexia nervosa towards identifying a biological substrate. Int J Eat Disord 22 159-165. 

Miller, K.B., Klump, K.L., Keel, P.K., McGue, M., and lacono, W.G. (1998) A population-based twin study of anorexia and bulimia nervosa heritability and shared transmission with anxiety disorders. Presented at the Eating Disorder Research Society Meeting, Boston, MA. 

B. (1999) Metabolic changes in the brain of patients with anorexia and bulimia nervosa as detected by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Int Eat Disord 26 119-136. 

Ziegler, A., Hebebrand, J., Gorg, T, Rosenkranz, K., Fichter, M.M., Herpertz-Dahlmann, B., Remschmidt, H., and Hinney, A. (1999) Further lack of association between the 5-HT2A gene promoter polymorphism and susceptibility to eating disorders and a metaanalysis pertaining to anorexia nervosa. Mol Psychiatry 4 410-412. 

Garner, D.M., Olmsted, M.P., and Polivy, J. (1983) Development and validation of a multidimensional eating disorder inventory for anorexia nervosa and bulimia. Int/ Eat Disord 2 15-34. 

Braun, D., Sunday, S., and Halmi, K.A. (1994) Psychiatric comorbidity in patients with eating disorders. Psychol Med 24 859—967. Brewerton, T.D., Lydiard, R.B., Herzog, D.B., and Brotman A.W. (1995) Comorbidty of axis I psychiatric diagnoses in bulimia nervosa. J Clin Psychiatry 56 77-80. 

Ferguson, C., Lavia, M., Crossan, P., and Kaye, W. (1999) Are serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors effective in undetweight anorexia nervosa Int J Eat Disord 25 11-17. 

Halmi, K.A. and Falk, J.R. (1981) Common physiological changes in anorexia nervosa. Int Eat Disord 1 16-27. 

Kaye, W. (1996) The use of fluoxetine to prevent relapse in anorexia nervosa. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Eating Disorder Research Society, Pittsburgh, PA, November, 1996. 

Wilson, G.T. and Smith D. (1989) Assessment of bulimia nervosa an evaluation of the eating disorders examination. Int/ Eat Disord 8 173-179. 

Psychotropic medication use is associated more with causing difficulties with eating rather than as a treatment for eating disorders. None of the medications investigated in the treatment of primary anorexia nervosa have been shown to be efficacious. Pica is defined as the eating of non-food substances. In the Expert Consensus survey (Rush and Frances, 2000) 63% of the respondents stated that no medication treatment is indicated for this disorder. Should medication be considered, then SSRI medications were most commonly endorsed. Another alternative is treatment with mineral or nutritional supplements, such as zinc or iron. 

Three types of eating disorders are included in the ICD-10 anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and overeating. 

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