Eating disorders anorexia nervosa

Teenages are at risk for conditions such as anorexia nervosa (eating disorder refusal to take in adequate calories) and should be questioned carefully about dietary habits. 

Anorexia Anorexia is loss of appetite. You may be familiar with the eating disorder, anorexia nervosa, in which the victim restricts dietary intake to starvation levels. Anorexia may be a symptom of acute or chronic exposure to certain chemicals. If you have suffered an unexplained loss of appetite in conjunction with other unusual symptoms, you may want to explore the MSDSs for chemicals that... 

Anorexia nervosa (AN) and Binge-eating disorder (BED) 1. Increased blood levels of AEA in patients with AN and BED may participate in reward aspects of aberrant eating behaviours 1. None tested... 

Anorexia Nervosa and Related Eating Disorders, Inc. (ANRED)... 

The DSM-IV includes two primary eating disorder diagnoses Anorexia Nervosa (AN) and Bulimia Nervosa (BN). The DSM also includes a... 

Millions of people in the United States are affected by eating disorders. More than 90% of those afflicted are adolescents or young adult women. Although all eating disorders share some common manifestations, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating each have distinctive symptoms and risks. 

Anorexia nervosa sufferers can exhibit sudden angry outbursts or become socially withdrawn. One in ten cases of anorexia nervosa leads to death from starvation, cardiac arrest, other medical complications, or suicide. Clinical depression and anxiety place many individuals with eating disorders at risk for suicidal behavior. 

Bupropion has also been used to treat the eating disorders anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Unfortunately, their electrolyte abnormalities leave patients with eating disorders especially vulnerable to seizures therefore, bupropion is no longer used to treat them. 

Characteristic Anorexia Nervosa Bulimia Nervosa Binge-Eating Disorder... 

If formally recognized, BED would represent the most common of the eating disorders with a prevalence of 2-5% among adult women in the United States. In addition, BED is mnch more common among men than other eating disorders. The female/male ratio of BED is approximately 2 1 in contrast to the ratio of 10 1 for anorexia nervosa (AN) and BN. 

Attia E, Schroeder L. Pharmacologic treatment of anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord 2005 37(Supplement) S60-S63. 

Figure 13.32 The female triad disordered eating, osteoporosis and menstrual cycle disturbance. A low energy intake and high energy expenditure can Lead to endocrine changes that result in osteoporosis and disturbance in the menstrual cycle. A low energy intake in female runners, rowers or gymnasts in order to maintain a low body weight can lead to other disturbances in eating such as bulimia or anorexia nervosa. Stress may contribute to energy imbalance and may have additional effects on the hypothalamus.

Ferron, E, Considine, R.V., Peino, R., Lado, I.E., Dieguez, C., and Casanueva, F.R (1997). Serum leptin concentrations in patients with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and non-specific eating disorders correlate with body mass index but are independent of the respective disease. Clin Endocrinol 46 289-293. 

Childhood-onset anorexia nervosa towards identifying a biological substrate. Int J Eat Disord 22 159-165. 

Miller, K.B., Klump, K.L., Keel, P.K., McGue, M., and lacono, W.G. (1998) A population-based twin study of anorexia and bulimia nervosa heritability and shared transmission with anxiety disorders. Presented at the Eating Disorder Research Society Meeting, Boston, MA. 

B. (1999) Metabolic changes in the brain of patients with anorexia and bulimia nervosa as detected by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Int Eat Disord 26 119-136. 

Ziegler, A., Hebebrand, J., Gorg, T, Rosenkranz, K., Fichter, M.M., Herpertz-Dahlmann, B., Remschmidt, H., and Hinney, A. (1999) Further lack of association between the 5-HT2A gene promoter polymorphism and susceptibility to eating disorders and a metaanalysis pertaining to anorexia nervosa. Mol Psychiatry 4 410-412. 

Garner, D.M., Olmsted, M.P., and Polivy, J. (1983) Development and validation of a multidimensional eating disorder inventory for anorexia nervosa and bulimia. Int/ Eat Disord 2 15-34. 

Ferguson, C., Lavia, M., Crossan, P., and Kaye, W. (1999) Are serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors effective in undetweight anorexia nervosa Int J Eat Disord 25 11-17. 

Halmi, K.A. and Falk, J.R. (1981) Common physiological changes in anorexia nervosa. Int Eat Disord 1 16-27. 

Kaye, W. (1996) The use of fluoxetine to prevent relapse in anorexia nervosa. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Eating Disorder Research Society, Pittsburgh, PA, November, 1996. 

Psychotropic medication use is associated more with causing difficulties with eating rather than as a treatment for eating disorders. None of the medications investigated in the treatment of primary anorexia nervosa have been shown to be efficacious. Pica is defined as the eating of non-food substances. In the Expert Consensus survey (Rush and Frances, 2000) 63% of the respondents stated that no medication treatment is indicated for this disorder. Should medication be considered, then SSRI medications were most commonly endorsed. Another alternative is treatment with mineral or nutritional supplements, such as zinc or iron. 

Three types of eating disorders are included in the ICD-10 anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and overeating. 

H. If a general medical condition or another mental disorder is present, the fear in Criterion A is unrelated to it, e.g., the fear is not of stuttering, trembling in Parkinson s disease, or exhibiting abnormal eating behavior in anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa. 

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