Earthquake scenarios

Other Safety Guides present recommendations relating to the earthquake scenario, but in the framework of the design of specific plant systems Ref. [5] deals with the reactor coolant system. Ref. [6] with the containment system. Ref. [7] with the emergency power system, and Ref. [8] with instrumentation and control systems. 

Probabilistic earthquake scenario for return period of 475 years... 

The distribution of number of buildings at each damage state for all building types in Zeytinburnu were computed for probabilistic earthquake scenario. Damage distribution map for this scenario that was obtained as output from the software is presented in Figure 7. 

The CSR depends on both the earthquake scenarios adopted as the appropriate hazard for the site and how the site responds to the ground motions imposed by earthquakes. There are standard methods to assess the CSR imposed by earthquakes, ranging... 

The NCEER method involves several mathematical transformations of the measured data (called corrections ) to compute the CRR75 where the subscript 75 refers to the strength available under the loading of a M7.5 earthquake (taken to be equivalent to 15 cycles of uniform load). This standard strength is then further adjusted to the CRR involved in the particular earthquake scenario under consideration through a so called magnitude scaling factor . 

Scenario-based assessment, in which the seismic input is a specific earthquake scenario, such as an historical event or potential rupture of a particular fault... 

It is well recognized that there is not a mutually exclusive dichotomy between DSHA and PSHA (Bommer 2002) and different approaches combining DSHA and PSHA have been proposed in the literature. Bazzurro and Cornell (1999) propose to select the event that is most likely to contribute to the hazard for a given intensity measure at a site, from the disaggregation of PSHA outputs. Bazzurro and Luco (2005) proposed the use of Monte Carlo simulations to reproduce a series of single earthquake scenarios within PSHA. 

Weatherill G, Crowley H, Pinho R, Franchin P, Cavalieri F, lervolino I, Esposito S (2011b) A review and preliminary application of methodologies for the generation of earthquake scenarios for spatially distributed systems, D2.13. SYNER-G project systemic seismic vulnerability and risk analysis for buildings, lifeline networks and infrastructures safety gaiu. http // www.vce.at/SYNER-G/pdf/deliverables. Accessed 20 Eeb 2014... 

Bommer JJ, Scott SC, Sarma SK (2000) Hazard-consistent earthquake scenarios. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 19 219-231... 

Socio-economic impact assessment for future earthquake scenarios... 

The service restoration calculation methodology is as follows (1) identify the area (s) where services are not being met, (2) count the number of services (or people, businesses, etc.) in each area, and (3) calculate the ratio for number of post-earthquake services to pre-earthquake services for each category in Tables 2, 3, and 4. The water, wastewater, and inundation protection service restoration curves are plots of this quantification over time. For post-event restoration estimates, the calculation for all services except functionality is relatively independent of system layout and operations, whereas an assessment for an earthquake scenario may require an understanding of system layout and some hydraulic analysis. Functionality services, however, cannot be estimated in any case without a full understanding of systemic capabilities. For this reason the remainder of this section describes quantification of postearthquake functionality. 

RISK-UE (2001-2004) project involved the assessment of earthquake scenarios based on the analysis of the global impact of one or more plausible earthquakes at city scale, within a European context. The primary aim of these scenarios was to increase awareness within the decisionmaking centers of a city. The developed methodology for creating earthquake scenarios focused on the distinctive features of European cities with regard to current and historical buildings and lifelines, as weU as on their functional and social organization, in order to identify weak points within the urban system. The approach was applied to 7 European cities Barcelona, Bitola, Bucharest, Catania, Nice, Sofia, and Thessaloniki (Mouroux and Le Brun 2006). 

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