Early-browning virus

Figure 2 General strategies for ELISA routine testing of seeds for virus, illustrated for lettuce mosaic virus (LMV) in lettuce and pea early-browning virus (PEBV) and pea seed-borne mosaic virus (PSbMV) in pea. Schemes Include the estimation of the percentage of Infected seeds with the most probable number (MPN) method, confirmation of doubtful results by Immunosorbent electron microscopy (ISEM) and check on actual seed transmission of the virus to seedlings ...

Koopmans, M., Vennema, H., Heersma, H., van Strien, E., van Duynhoven, Y., Brown, D., Reacher, M., and Lopman, B. (2003). Early identification of common-source foodbome virus outbreaks in Europe. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 9,1136-1142. 

The antigenicity, rather than the immunogenicity, should drive the research and development of new VLP-based vaccines and thus antibody reactivity tests should be performed as early in the process as possible. For example, a porcine parvovirus vaccine is composed of a single viral protein (VP2), which represents 95% of the native virus total protein and is able do induce antibody production in immunized animals (Rueda et al., 1999). In contrast, the human parvovirus B19 contains the exact same proportion of VP2 in the native virus but VLPs made solely of VP2 are unable to induce neutralizing antibodies (Brown et al., 1991 Tsao et al., 1996). In this case even a VLP containing VP1 and VP2 at a ratio of 1 24, respectively, which is very similar to that of the native virus, was not... 

Steketee RW, Abrams EJ, Thea DM, Brown TM, Lambert G, Orloff S, et al. Early detection of perinatal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 infection using HIV RNA amplification and detection. J Infect Dis 1997 175 707-11. 

Sacks WR, Schaffer PA (1987) Deletion mutants in the gene encoding the herpes simplex virus type 1 immediate-early protein ICPO exhibit impaired growth in cell culture. J Virol 61 829-839 Spector FC, Kern ER, Palmer J, Kaiwar R, Cha TA, Brown P, Spaete RR (1998) Evaluation of a live attenuated recombinant virus RAV 9395 as a herpes simplex virus type 2 vaccine in guinea pigs. J Infect Dis 177 1143-1154... 

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