E glass composition

Sources Data on E glass composition are from Loewcnstein (1973), Table vi/i glass insulation and wool composition data come from Mohr and Rowe (1978), Table 5-1 continuous textile fiber composition data are from Gagin (1980). 

Glass. Packages of 200 filament strand pulled from a standard E glass composition were provided by PPG Industries. Density p was taken as 2.55 g cm-3 fiber diameter d measured by optical microscopy ranged from 8.9 to 9.1 pm. 

The front and rear bumper beams on the 1993 Toyota Corolla were made fiom polypiopylene/fibeiglass composite. Estimate the longitudinal modulus of these beams assuming a fiberglass (E-glass) composition of 50%. 

Lomov SV, Bogdanovich AE, Ivanov DS, Mimgalov D, Karahan M, Verpoest I. A comparative study of tensile properties of non-crimp 3D orthogonal weave and multilayer plain weave E-glass composites. Part 1 Materials, methods and principal results. Composites Part A 2009 40 1134-43. 

The strength of E-glass composites is strongly affected by excursions to temperatures above 300 °C. Feih et al. [38,39] have studied these effects in the context of durability on exposure to fire. Eigure 12.18 shows how the strength is retained up to approximately 300 °C while at 350 °C a strong temperature dependence has been observed. 

Figure 3.12 Schematic failure map for a unidirectional E-glass composite under acidic environmental stress corrosion cracking conditions, illustrating the material variables, t, is the failure time in minutes under a constant tensile load [33]...

Baucom, J.N. and Zikry, MA. (2005) Low-velocity impact damage progression in woven E-glass composite systems. Composites Part A Applied Scierwe and Manufacturing, 36, 658-664. 

The thermal expansion of the composite depends not only on the type of reinforcement and the type of matrix but also on the geometry of reinforcement, its volume fraction and of course the amount and type of any filler present. Because it is a function of the fibre orientation, the thermal expansion will depend on the direction considered. Thermal expansion coefficients for some E glass composites are shown in Table 1.5. 

Tekalur, S.A., Bogdanovich, A.E., Shukla, A., 2009. Shock loading response of sandwich panels with 3-D woven E-glass composite skins and stitched foam core. Compos. Sci. Technol. 69 (6), 736-753. 

Properties of fiber-reinforced composites with 40-65 wt % of fiber were influenced more by fiber used than by the matrix. In contrast to an E-glass composite, which is brittle, a basalt fiber composite exhibits properties near to carbon fiber composites, except for a lower elastic modulus. Material mechanical parameters independent of sample size were calculated from flexural tests with various span-to-sample height ratios. In contrast to composites reinforced with fiber rovings, composites reinforced with fabric fiber were more brittle and less anisotropic, which was reflected in material mechanical parameters. 

The use of this simple correlation as the basis of a novel predictive combustion module, linked to the Henderson model, has been presented recently by McCarthy et al. [58], within a novel finite difference code which achieves good predictivity of both the plaque temperature and mass loss of an epoxy/E-glass composite under an imposed asymmetric heat load of 50 kW/m in a standard cone calorimeter experiment (Figure 14.4). This is despite the fact that the gas-phase combustion has been simplified as that of pure methane, when in reality a more complex gas mixture is released by most epoxy resin formulations, before accounting for any volatile emissions from included fire-retardants. 

Artificial carbonation to reduce the alkalinity of the matrix and thus improve the durability of E glass composite was studied by Bentur [96], Although a marked improvement could be obtained, the performance achieved was still no better than that of AR-GRC composites with a conventional Portland cement matrix. Also, to achieve complete carbonation, an elaborate vacuum drying process was involved, which is difficult to apply in practice. An alternative method of supercritical carbonation of GRC was studied by Purnell eta/. [97,98], using AR fibres. This study evaluated only the properties of unaged composites. 

Figure 8.34 The effect of accelerated ageing in water at 50°C on the properties of E glass composites with a polymer modified matrix, (P)GRC,and AR glass composites with Portland cement matrbc AR-GRC (a) Tensile strength development (b) strain at ultimate stress (after Bijen [101]).

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