E-Gain

Thomas, R. E. Gaines, B. G. "Methodology for Designing Accelerated Aging Tests for Predicting Life of Photovoltaic Arrays" Department of Energy/National Bureau of Standards Workshop on Stability of Thin Film Solar Cells and Materials, Washington, D.C., May 1-3, 1978. 

Fig. 5 Schematic representation of LAJs based on liquid metal electrodes, (a) The two Hg drops junction. The drops are extruded from two microsyringes and covered singularly by similar or different SAMs before being brought in contact, (b) An Hg-drop electrode covered by SAM(l) (usually formed by hexadecane thiol) is brought in electrical contact with a SAM(2) formed on a solid metal surface, (c) A drop of In/Ga eutectic alloy (E-Gain) contacts a SAM formed on a solid electrode surface...

Recently, Whitesides et al. [88, 164, 165] have replaced Hg with an In/Ga eutectic alloy (E-Gain) (Fig. 5c). In/Ga alloy-based electrodes present few advantages related to (1) the lower affinity for the bottom Au or Ag electrode, so that the junction can be assembled in air, (2) low toxicity and (3) good processability and mouldability. These characteristics indicate E-Gain electrodes as possible candidates for incorporation into functional devices. Some disadvantages are related to the surface of the In/Ga alloy (1) unlike Hg, it is not atomically flat and (2) it forms in few minutes a discontinuous layer of oxide [81]. 

Step 3 Equalize the number of electrons lost and gained. There were 5 e gained in the reduction half-reaction, so there must be 5 e lost in the oxidation half-reaction... 

Using the Nernst Equation. One may wish to evaluate EcT+.cu for the following half-reaction, written here as the reduction (i.e., gain of electrons) by Cu to form elemental copper ... 

The previous section outlined the typical e loss and e gain products observed in the nucleic acid bases in the solid state. These studies can be applied to the study of the radiation chemistry of DNA. The relevance of the study of model systems is shown by considering the following remarkable observations. Years ago, Ehrenberg et al. showed the EPR spectra of the 5,6-dihydrothymine-5-yl radical observed in thymine, thymidine, and DNA. The spectra are nearly identical [46]. The reduction product observed in cytosine monohydrate is the N3 protonated anion. In solution, this reduction product gives rise to a 1.4-mT EPR doublet. The same feature is present in irradiated DNA at 77 K. Likewise, the result of e loss in guanine bases is characterized by a broad EPR singlet. The same feature is also evident in the EPR spectrum of DNA irradiated and observed at 77 K. 

Manage relations outside the team, i.e. gain support, minimize opposition and generally create climate favourable to the change. 

Determine, for the elements responsible for electron exchange, the number of e gained by the oxidizing agent and the number of e" lost by the reducing agent, as they go to their respective products. 

Pikal, M. J., Lukes, A. L., Lang, L. E., Gains, K. Quantative cystallinity determinations for beta-lactam antibiotics by solution calorimetery correlation with stability. J Pharm Sci 67 767 (1978). 

It follows from the last equation that the net work gained by the dilution of an actual solution of an ion concentration c (c > 1) to the state of an ideal solution, with concentration c = 1, equals the sum of two constituents. The term of the first constituent, RT In c, expresses the energy gained by the dilution of the ideal solution and the second one, RT In y, represents the work, required to overcome the effect of the interionic electrical forces. Since the last mentioned electrical work reduces tho value of the work W, which would l>e gained by the dilution of an ideal solution, the expression RT In y must have a negative value, or in other words the activity coefficient of actual solutions y < 1. It follows further from this conception that the potential of an electrolyte contained in an actual solution must be lower than the potential of the same substance in an ideal solution. 

Ionization The process whereby an ion is formed (i.e. gain or loss of electrons by atoms or molecules). 

Neurotoxicity in HD has long been thought to reflect a gain of function effect of the mutation (i.e. gain of a toxic function by the affected protein, rather than loss of a normal function), leading to excessive neuroexcitation and cell death (Hayden, 1981 Bruyn and Went, 1986 Harper, 1996 Hayden and Leavitt, 2000). Other mechanisms, either related or coincident with neuroexitotoxicity, have been explored since the discovery of the HD gene (Hayden, 1981 Hayden and Leavitt, 2000 Raymond, 2003). Much of this exploration has involved the... 

Pikal, M.J. Lukes, A.L. Lang, J.E. Gaines, K. Quantitative crystallinity determinations of beta-lactam antibiotics by solution calorimetry correlations with stability. J. Pharm. Sci. 1978, 67, 767-773. 

E. Gain, S. Laborie, P. Viers et al.. Ammonium nitrate wastewater treatment by... membrane electrolysis and electrodialysis, J. Appl. Electrochem. 32(9), 969—975, Sept. (2002). 

Rini, B., Wadhwa, M., Bird, C., Small, E., Gaines Das, R., and Thorpe, R. (2005) Kinetics of development and characteristics of antibodies induced in cancer patients against yeast expressed rDNA derived GM CSF. Cytokine, 29, 56 66. 

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