Dysprosium ion

Figure 6.8 (a) Direction of local anisotropy axes (dashed lines) and the low-temperature alignment of magnetic moments (blue arrows) on dysprosium ions along the chain in crystal [(CuUjDyKMotCNlg] ... 

Dysprosium ions Dy3+ can also be populated by direct absorption in the near U.V. part and blue part of the spectrum, or by energy transfer from U02+. The radiative transitions probabilities and branching ratios of Dy for tellurite and phosphate glasses have been calculated and measured51 and the corresponding values are given in Table 3. 

Fig. 2. Solution structure of dysprosium glycocholate, 1 1 complex — the dysprosium ion is the large sphere at the bisector of the carboxyl group the hydrophilic side of the molecule faces the observer. (Modified from ref. 14, courtesy of Dr. Stephen Barnes.)...

The nuclear contribution, fortunately, is in a better situation (Anderson et al. 1969, and references therein) - table 5.2-and indicates a fully developed 4f electronic moment of the dysprosium ions. 

Trivalent dysprosium ion (Dy " can be also doped into ffie CMSC host. The as-prepared phosphor consists of two emission bands, blue and yellow, and ffie emission intensity of ffie former is stronger than that of ffie latter. Blue emission between 470 and 500 nm is assigned to ffie transition of Dy " ion from ffie " F9/2 excited state to the His/2 ground state, and it consists of two emission peaks at 480 and 492 nm. Yellow emission is observed between 560 and 600 nm corresponding to ffie " p9/2 Hi3/2 transition, which constitutes two emission peaks at 573 and... 

In 2009, Ganjali etal. reported an optical sensor for the Dy ion that is based on A -[(2-hydroxyphenyl)-methylenejbenzohydrazide, 29. This receptor was immobilized on a triacetylcellulose membrane to create an optical sensor that displayed both high selectivity and sensitivity toward the dysprosium ion. While a DL of 35 J,M was achieved, this system was plagued by a narrow effective pH range (3.0-5.0) and a long response time (50 s). ... 

The cost of dysprosium metal has dropped in recent years since the development of ion-exchange and solvent extraction techniques, and the discovery of large ore bodies. The metal costs about 300/kg in purities of 99+%. 

In case of crystals of Cu-Dy composite formed under sonication, the concentration of dysprosium increased while in case of the crystals of Mn-Dy and Co-Dy composites, the concentration of dopant, Dy, decreased indicating a strong attraction of Dy for Cu compared to its weak interaction for Mn and Co ions. Nevertheless, the possibility of some of the Dy having been ejected out due to forceful cavitational effect of the ultrasound from the lattice of Mn and Co cannot be ruled out. Higher percentage of Cu, Mn, and Ce in case of Cu-Ce, Co-Ce and Mn-Ce composites, synthesized under sonication compared to normal crystals, could be attributed to the change in the composition of the lattice pattern due to the mechanical impact of ultrasound, whereas, such an effect has not been found in Co salts. These can be seen in Table 11.1. 

Baldovi, J.J., Clemente-Juan, J.M., Coronado, E. and Gaita-Arino, A. (2013) Two pyrazolylborate dysprosium(III) and neodymium(III) single ion magnets modeled by a radial effective charge approach. Polyhedron, 66, 39—42. 

A further strategy to achieve white emission uses rare-earth complexes. For example, a dysprosium complex (245) emits two band emissions a yellow band (580 nm) corresponding to the 4F9/2 —> 6Hi3/2 transition and a blue band (480 nm) corresponding to 4F9/2 — 6H15/2 transition of Dy3+ ion in the complex. Li et al. reported Dy-complex white emission OLEDs of a structure of ITO/PVK Dy complex/Mg Ag device [276], Figure 3.13 shows the PL and EL emission spectra of such a complex and its device, respectively. 

Time-resolved approaches for multi-analyte immunoassays have been described recently. Simultaneous determination of LH, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), hCG, and prolactin (PRL) in a multisite manual strip format has been reported. 88 Four microtiter wells are attached to a plastic strip, two-by-two and back-to-back, such that the wells can be read on a microtiter plate reader. In a quadruple-label format, the simultaneous quantitative determination of four analytes in dried blood spots can be done using europium, samarium, dysprosium, and terbium. 89 In this approach, thyroid-stimulating hormone, 17-a-hydroxyprogesterone, immunoreactive trypsin, and creatine kinase MM (CK-MM) isoenzyme are determined from dried blood samples spotted on filter paper in a microtiter well coated with a mixture of antibodies. Dissociative fluorescence enhancement of the four ions using cofluorescence-based enhancement solutions enables the time-resolved fluorescence of each ion to be measured through four narrow-band interference filters. 

Dysprosium has an oxidation state of +3, which forms the Dy metallic ion that is hmited to a small group of compounds. A general example that demonstrates how the ion of dysprosium combines with halogen anions follows Dy + 3C1 — DyCl. ... 

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