Immunoreactive trypsin

Time-resolved approaches for multi-analyte immunoassays have been described recently. Simultaneous determination of LH, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), hCG, and prolactin (PRL) in a multisite manual strip format has been reported. 88 Four microtiter wells are attached to a plastic strip, two-by-two and back-to-back, such that the wells can be read on a microtiter plate reader. In a quadruple-label format, the simultaneous quantitative determination of four analytes in dried blood spots can be done using europium, samarium, dysprosium, and terbium. 89 In this approach, thyroid-stimulating hormone, 17-a-hydroxyprogesterone, immunoreactive trypsin, and creatine kinase MM (CK-MM) isoenzyme are determined from dried blood samples spotted on filter paper in a microtiter well coated with a mixture of antibodies. Dissociative fluorescence enhancement of the four ions using cofluorescence-based enhancement solutions enables the time-resolved fluorescence of each ion to be measured through four narrow-band interference filters. 

Y.-Y. Xu, K. Pettersson, K. Blomberg, I. Hemmila, H. Mikola, and T. Lovgren, Simultaneous quadruple-label fluorometric immunoassay of thyroid-stimulating hormone, 17 othydroxypro-gesterone, immunoreactive trypsin, and creatine kinase, Clin. Chem. 38, 2038-2043 (1992). 

C9. Crossley, J. R., Smith, P. A., Edgar, B. W., Gluckman, P. D., and Elliott, R. B., Neonatal screening for cystic fibrosis, using immunoreactive trypsin assay in dried blood spots. Clin. Chim. Acta 113, 111-121 (1981). 

Fig. 12.35. Quadruple-label immunoassays of four analytes (thyroid stimulating hormone, 17a-hydroxyprogesterone, immunoreactive trypsin and creatine kinase) in a single assay cuvette with...

Key findings that have been reported inclnde significant hypoxia, acidosis, and carbon dioxide retention (Sofer et al, 1989). Also hyperglycemia, hypokalemia, and lenkocytosis were observed in a case series of organophosphate exposures (Levy-Khademi et al, 2007). A prospective study done on 17 children with typical organophosphate or carbamate poisoning looked at laboratory abnormalities that are associated with acute pancreatitis. Five of the patients (30%) had laboratory values consistent with pancreatitis with elevated immunoreactive trypsin, amylase, and serum... 

K8. Kimland, M., Russick, C., Marks, W. H., and Borgstrom, A., Immunoreactive anionic and cationic trypsin in human serum. Clin. Chem. Acta 184, 31—46 (1989). 

Brodrick JW, Geokas MC, Largman C, Fassett M, Johnson JH. Molecular forms of immunoreactive pancreatic cationic trypsin in pancreatitis patient sera. Am J Physiol 1979 237 E474-80. 

Moller-Petersen J. Clinical evaluation of cathodic trypsin-like immunoreactivity in pancreatic diseases in adults. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1990 50 463-77. 

Moller-Petersen J, Pedersen JO, Thorsgaard-Pedersen N, Nyboe Andefsen B. Serum cathodic trypsin-like immunoreactivity, pancreatic lipase, and pancreatic isoamylase as diagnostic tests of chronic pancreatitis or pancreatic steatorrhea. Scand J Gastroenterol 1988 23 287-96. 

The soy storage proteins (glycinin /3-conglycinin) and an antigenic soy protein (of low molecular mass) were degraded by the proteolytic process and an apparent loss of antigenicity was observed. However, the proteolytic effect on soy lectin and Kunitz trypsin inhibitor was obviously lost, although some minor decrease in immunoreactivity could be observed. 

Archer, F. J., M. E. Kerr, and D. M. Houston. 1997. Evaluation for three pancreas-specific protein assays TLl (trypsin like immunoreactivity) RASP (pancreas specific protein) and CA19-9 (glycoprotein) for use in the diagnosis of pancreatitis. Zentralblatt fur Veterinarmedizin. ReiheA 44 109-113. 

Geokas, M. C., C. Largman, P. R. Dune, J. W. Brodrick, and J. Vollmer. 1981. Immunoreactive forms of cationic trypsin in plasma and ascites of dogs in experimental pancreatitis. 

Waritani, T, Y. Okuno, Y. Ashida, M. Hisasue, R. Tsuchiya, K. Kobayashi, and T. Yamada. 2002. Development of a canine trypsin-like immunoreactivity assay system using monoclonal antibodies. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 87 41-49. 

Williams, D. A., and R. M. Batt. 1988. Sensitivity and specificity of radioimmunoassay of trypsin-like immunoreactivity for the diagnosis of canine exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 192 195-201. 

Background Trypsinogen is synthesized exclusively by the acinar cells of the pancreas, and measurement of this zymogen by a trypsin-like immunoreactivity (TLl) assay provides an indirect index of pancreatic damage. TLl detects both trypsinogen and trypsin forms and hence the use of the term TLl to describe the total concentration of these two immunoreactive species. It should be noted that the active enzyme (trypsin) is only present in the serum when there is pancreatic inflammation. As a consequence, TLl concentration has been shown to be useful for the diagnosis of AP, although it has a low sensitivity (Steiner, 2003). 

---