Dysphoria drug-induced

Putten, rediscovered drug-induced dysphoria, which was noted to be associated with neurological effects, especially akathisia2 (Van Putten 1974, 1975). This was later labelled as akinetic depression (Van Putten May 1978). In the 1990s the term neuroleptic-induced deficit syndrome was coined to describe affective and cognitive impairment (Lader 1994) and drug-induced dysphoria was revisited (Hollister 1992 King, Burke, Lucas 1995). 

This chapter will describe some of the most common, reversible, drug-induced neurological reactions acute dystonia acute akathisia parkinsonism and a broad, ill-defined category called dysphoria. All of them tend to begin early in treatment but can start later on as well. Chapters 4 and 5 will review the sometimes delayed and often persistent adverse reactions, including irreversible forms of akathisia and dystonia. 

Lynch G, Green JF, King DJ. Antipsychotic drug-induced dysphoria. Br J Psychiatry 1996 169(4) 524. 

How do guilt and shame from drug use interact with the dysphoria induced by withdrawal Why do we sometimes have the impression that a person is addicted to the emotion of righteous indignation, seeking out or even creating occasions that will produce it Beneath the differences, there may be further similarities that we do not yet understand. 

Akathisia is a variant of the restless legs syndrome associated with anxiety and/or dysphoria (SEDA-19, 44) (SEDA-20, 36) (209-211). It can be confused with an exacerbation of the disorder being treated. Suicidal tendencies can occur in psychotic patients who developed neuroleptic-induced akathisia (212). On the other hand, recent evidence suggests that depressive symptoms may not be induced or worsened, and may even be reduced, by prescribing atypical neuroleptic drugs (213-215). Subjects show various degrees of restlessness and an inability to sit or stand still in severe cases, the presentation can merge with behavioral disorders. 

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