Neuroleptic-induced deficit syndrome

Specifically, the D2 receptors will also be blocked in the mesocortical DA pathway (Fig. 11-3), where DA may already be deficient in schizophrenia (see Figs. 10—10 and 10—11). When this happens, it can cause or worsen negative and cognitive symptoms. This is sometimes called the neuroleptic-induced deficit syndrome because it looks so much like the negative symptoms produced by schizophrenia itself and is reminiscent of neurolepsis in animals. 

In clinical studies, remoxipride has been shown to improve both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia and may have a place in the treatment of resistant schizophrenic patients. In addition such side effects as the neuroleptic-induced deficit syndrome, sedation and extrapyramidal side effects are apparently absent in patients treated with the drug. 

Putten, rediscovered drug-induced dysphoria, which was noted to be associated with neurological effects, especially akathisia2 (Van Putten 1974, 1975). This was later labelled as akinetic depression (Van Putten May 1978). In the 1990s the term neuroleptic-induced deficit syndrome was coined to describe affective and cognitive impairment (Lader 1994) and drug-induced dysphoria was revisited (Hollister 1992 King, Burke, Lucas 1995). 

Lader, M. 1994, Neuroleptic-induced deficit syndrome. Historical introduction, Acta Psychiatr.Scand.Suppl., vol. 380, pp. 6-7. 

In clinical discussions, the lobotomy effect is now sometimes subsumed under neuroleptic-induced deficit syndrome (NIDS). Malcolm Lader (1993), chairperson of an international symposium on the subject, wrote,... 

Lader, M. (1993). Neuroleptic-induced deficit syndrome. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 54, 493-500. 

By blocking dopamine 2 receptors excessively in the mesocortical and mesolimbic dopamine pathways, especially at high doses, it can cause worsening of negative and cognitive symptoms (neuroleptic-induced deficit syndrome)... 

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