Testing duty cycle

In motors for periodic duty, the test should be continued until thermal equilibrium has been reached. Unless otherwise agreed, the duration of one cycle should be 10 minutes for the purpose of this test. Temperature measurements should be made at the end of a cycle to establish thermal equilibrium. 

In order to fully test the capabilities of this circuit, the input pulse was varied in duty cycle from 5% to 95%. The voltage source VIN used the following two statements ... 

You can also set RETOL=0.01. Figure 9.13 shows the waveform results of the breadboard at three different test conditions. The top picture shows the input pulse and the output pulse overlapped so the delay and turn-off ring can be examined. The middle picture shows the input (top) and output (bottom) waveforms when the duty cycle is 5%. The bottom picture shows the input (top) and output (bottom) waveforms when the duty cycle is 95%. 

ESC European stationary cycle test cycle for heavy-duty diesel engines... 

Display lifetime is a crucial aspect of market acceptance. Shelf and operational lifetime are general measures of the lifetime of displays For Tollable displays the bending lifetime is an another consideration. The current operational lifetime is 168 h when operating the display at a 10% duty cycle (every 10 s the display is addressed for 1 s) at room temperature. The operational lifetime test must be performed with a duty cycle, because the display is multi-stable. The current shelf lifetime at room temperature is 6 months. Bending lifetime is excellent - the display has been rolled to a radius of 7.5 mm more than 10000 times without any degradation. 

Fig. 9. GM RTS coaches transient fuel consumption for diesel and methanol. SAE type road test, UMTA ADB duty cycle. Differences in fuel consumption are indicated by the symbol A. CBD (Central Business District), 4.3 stops per km, maximum speed 32 km/h, 18 m deceleration, 7 s dwell time, 19.3 km ART (arterial), 1.24 stops per km, maximum speed 64 km /h, 61 m deceleration, 7 s dwell time, 13 km COM (commuter), one stop every 6.4 km, maximum speed of 88.5 km /h, 150 m deceleration, 20 s dwell time, 13 km. To convert km/L to mpg, multiply by 2.35. 

The dynamometer ageing test results demonstrated that fuel with 10 mg/1 is unacceptable. However, if the effect of lead deposition is assumed to be linear then maximum Pb levels of approx 5 mg/1 can result in legal emission levels being achieved at 80K km when catalysts experience a modest duty cycle as described in this paper. 

The shear experiments were carried out with a carefully constructed plane-parallel flow cell. Details of the shear circuit have been reported previously (12). The recirculation and roller pump sections, accounting for much of the circulation duty cycle, had 3-5 times the test section wall shear rate. The shear system loading, exposure, and wash steps were analogous to those for the static exposure studies. Test surfaces were exposed to one of the following calculated wall shear rates 0, 100, 500, 800, and 1500 s 1, for 1 h. Wash steps were carried out at a calculated wall shear rate at the test section of 25 s-1. The exposed surfaces were critical-point dried, as described for the static exposure studies. The wall shear rate calculation assumed a steady, plane-parallel flow with no edge effects, and a parabolic velocity profile. 

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