Display lifetime

Display lifetime is a crucial aspect of market acceptance. Shelf and operational lifetime are general measures of the lifetime of displays For Tollable displays the bending lifetime is an another consideration. The current operational lifetime is 168 h when operating the display at a 10% duty cycle (every 10 s the display is addressed for 1 s) at room temperature. The operational lifetime test must be performed with a duty cycle, because the display is multi-stable. The current shelf lifetime at room temperature is 6 months. Bending lifetime is excellent - the display has been rolled to a radius of 7.5 mm more than 10000 times without any degradation. 

In addition to their effects on emission energy, the diimines and dithiolates also influence the emission lifetime and quantum yield of the Pt(diimine) (dithiolate) chromophore. The complexes display lifetimes ranging from 1 ns to > 1 ps and <3>eill ranging from < 10 5 up to 6.4 x 10-3, indicating such an influence on the kinetics of excited-state decay (see Table II). The tdt complexes have lifetimes that are significantly longer than those measured previously for... 

Another approach to measuring long correlation times is to use luminescent MLCs. These probes, which display lifetimes rang fixim 100 ns to 10 )ts, have only recendy become avaihide (Chapter 20). They are typically... 

Fortunately, this limitation in measuring protein dynamics can be circumvented by using donors with longer decay times. If the decay times are increased from 5 ns (Figure 14.22) to S is, the measurable diffusion coefficients decrease by a factor of 10, so that the time-resolved RET becomes sensitive to diffusion coefficients of 0 -10 cm /s, instead of I0" - 0 cm /s (Figure 14.22). Donors with longer decay times such as the lanthanides europium and terbium display 0.2- to 0.4-ms lifetimes, and the transition-metal-Ugand complexes display lifetimes from 100 ns to 10 These complexes are particularly prom-... 

Uses Conductive polymer for antistatic and electrostatic coatings, capacitor electrodes, through-hole plating of printed circuit boards interfacial hole injection layer in OLED and PLED devices to lower operating voltages, increase luminescence efficiency, enhance display lifetimes... 

The reduction in cavity volume improves vacuum quality, display lifetime, and stability. The insets show typical RGB phosphor masks for each technology. Adapted from [136,325]. (h) An optical micrograph of Samsung s CNT-based full-color, 100 Hz, prototype 38-in. (diagonal) FED display. 

Fluorescence is unique among spectroscopic techniques due to its inherently multidimensional nature, the emission process containing a wealth of orthogonal information that is related to the fluorophore and its surroundings. Time- and frequency-domain fluorescence methods are instrumentally sophisticated, but they improve both the sensitivity and selectivity of fluorimetry. Any dye that is used for steady-state fluorescence detection can be used for time-resolved detection as well. Most of these fluor-ophores display lifetimes from 1 to 10 ns, which requires fast electronics for time-domain lifetime measurements or modulation frequencies from 10... 

The lifetime of presently available liquid crystal display devices significantly limits their usability. Only a.c. drive assures adequate display lifetimes of more than 10,000 hours whereas on d.c. excitation useful lifetimes have rarely exceeded 3000 hours. In the latter mode irreversible electrochemical reactions are responsible for the drastically reduced lifetime. 

A Sussmann found that the useful lifetime of a d.c. driven cell is inversely proportional to the current density in the cell [83]. On the other hand the electrical conductivity of the liquid crystal determines the contrast of a display based on an electrohydrodynamic effect such as dynamic scattering. The conductivity can therefore not be decreased at will in favor of longer display lifetime. For optimum contrast the conductivity is about 10 (i2 cm)" to 10 (f2 cm)" ... 

In addition, reductions in threshold voltage and current drain may be significant for battery requirements and display lifetime. 

This topic was carried over to the group of Tomio Wada in 1970, and a prototype of a small LCD calculator was completed in the latter half of that year [7]. This LCD prototype display was bright and easy to see, its power ccmsumption was of the order of pW, and all in all it showed the characteristics of a perfect calculator display. However, the not yet solved problem of display lifetime remained as a difficult situation. The search for solutions of the lifetime and reliability problems was intensified. Among researchers and engineers, voices were heard who said that liquid crystals are organic materials and differ from semiconductors. It will be essentially impossible to create a long lifetime device. ... 

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