Dual laminate structures

Table 8.2. Fluoropolymers Used for Dual Laminate Structures...

Figure 8.25 shows an operator working on laminate fabrication. Figures 8.26 and 8.27 illustrate the fabrication technique and examples of dual laminate structures. The job sequence is as follows ... 

Dual laminate structures are composed of fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) built with fiuoropolymer sheeting that serves as a lining. This lining is fabricated by machine and hand welding of fiber backed fiuoropolymer sheets, like those described above for adhesive bonded systems. The fabric aids in bonding the sheeting to the FRP. 

The principle of dual laminate construction is to line an FRP vessel or column with a fluoropolymer lining. However, the sequence of construction is to first make the liner out of fabric-backed sheets the same as in the adhesively bonded construction. The FRP structure is then laminated on the liner to pro-... 

The chlorine headers popular in Europe are dual laminate headers, which are preferred over FRP for environmental reasons. The dual laminate has an inner ring of less brittle PVC-C of 5-mm thickness for corrosion protection and an outer layer of 10-15 mm thickness of FRP for structural strength, the intermediate layer being 5 mm of resin-rich FRP 5 ION or 197-3. The outer layer contains a flame retardant and is added after the dual laminate is stress relieved. The chlorinated PVC (CPVC)/FRP dual laminate header is fabricated from CPVC tubing up to 60 cm in diameter. The dual laminate headers have a life of 8-10 years vs the 6-12 years of life of FRP, at a comparable cost. 

The dual laminate construction lessens the problem of permeation through liners. If there is permeation, it is believed to pass through the RTF structure at a rate equal to or greater than through the fluoropolymer itself, resulting in no potential for collection of permeate at the thermoplastic-thermoset interface. If delamination does not occur, permeation is not a problem. 

FRP piping lined with fluoropolymer is manufactured by forming FRP over a fluoropolymer tube. The resulting structure is a called a dual laminate. Typically, this tube is a thermoplastic fluoropolymer such as PFA or FEP so that glass fabric can be readily embedded in its outer wall. This fabric bonds with the FRP structure so that the lining is held firmly in place. 

Dual Laminate - FRP (fiberglass reinforced polyester) piping lined with fluoropolymer is manufactured by forming FRP over a fluoropolymer tube. The resulting structure is called a dual laminate. 

Keywords Acrylates Crosslinking Dual cure Epoxides Glass laminates Interpenetrating polymer networks Isocyanates Photo initiated cationic polymerisation Photoinitiators Photopolymerisation Pressure sensitive adhesives Release coatings Structural adhesives Thiol/polyene UV radiation curing Vinyl ethers. 

Veneer and solid wood composite products are manufactured for building and construction commodity markets and for specialty markets such as marine applications and aesthetic decor. Bonding systems vary based upon the service demands placed upon the final product, interior versus exterior. Construction and decorative plywood are veneered panel products. Laminated veneer lumber (LVL) is a veneer product which competes with lumber. Lumber laminates form majestic beams often for dual structural and aesthetic applications. 

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