Dual function surfactants

Table 6 shows a comparison of commercially produced C, 4 LAS samples in a current North American light-duty liquid (LDL) formulation containing more than 20% LAS together with alcohol ether sulfate (AES), amide, and hydrotrope. The highest viscosity is observed with the high 2-phenyl/low DATS sample, whereas the high 2-phenyl/high DATS sample had the lowest viscosity. The DATS provides the dual function of surfactant and hydrotrope. 

The topics to be covered in some detaU in this chapter are antistats, blowing agents, catalysts, fire retardants, mold-release agents, nucleating agents, reinforcements, stabilizers, and surfactants. These topics are presently in alphabetical order as a matter of convenience. The reader should be aware that there are a number of additives used in plastic foams that serve dual functions. These will be noted in the following text. 

The balance of the many possible interactions in these MHAP produces unique rheological behavior (20-24, 27). Thus, the surfactant in the MHAP is an integral component of the polymer-surfactant system, serving a dual function of aiding the formation of the polymer architecture during polymerization as well as being reversible cross-link points in solution. 

Using furfuryl alcohol, recently Pranger and Tarmenbatrm (2008) employed an in situ polymerization approach to produce polyfurfuryl alcohol (PFA) nanocomposites without the use of solvents or surfactants. On the one hand, furfuryl alcohol (FA) has a dual function, serving both as an effective dispersant for MMT clay nanoparticles and as the matrix precursor for the in situ polymerization. 

Surfactants are molecules with distinguishing structural and functional characteristics, which can be described as amphiphilic structure and property. They have been commonly explained as the molecules with dual affinities, to oil (hydrophobicity) and to water (hydrophilicity) thus surfactants tend to accumulate at the interfaces of oil and water, to change the physicochemical properties of a system. These properties, i.e., surface activities, are exploited in our daily life and in industrial processes in the form of agents that foam, emulsify, create dispersion, clean, wet, etc. With these functions, surfactants are indispensable, and worldwide demand and supply are huge and growing. 

As noted above, the use of reactive surfactants and dual functional reactive surfactants essentially reduces the amoimt of passive agents in the final aqueous dispersion. 

Li W, Yoon JA, Matyjaszewski K (2010) Dual-reactive surfactant used for synthesis of functional nanocapsules in miniemulsion. J Am Chem Soc 132 7823-7825... 

Surfactants may exhibit a degree of hydrotropy and thus function as antistatic agents. They are often used for this and for their emulsifying properties in conjunction with fibre lubricants, or may be used alone in a dual capacity as lubricant and antistat. Suitably active surfactants can be found amongst all four ionic types, some typical examples being [471] ... 

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