Dual configuration interaction

Sachtler [195] proposed a dual-site mechanism in which the hydrogen is dissociated on the Ni surface and then migrates to the substrate that is coordinated to the adsorbed dimeric nickel tartrate species. In their model, adsorption of modifier and reactants takes place on different surface atoms in contrast to Klabunovskii s proposal. Adsorbed modifier and reactant are presumed to interact through hydrogen bonding (Scheme 14.5). The unique orientation of adsorbed modifier molecules leads to a sterically favored adsorbed reactant configuration to achieve this bonding. 

Whenever the feed composition is unpredictable, one must directly control the compositions of both products. The main benefit of dual composition control is minimized energy consumption. The main limitation is caused by the interactions between the two composition loops. On the left of Figure 2.93 an example of a feedforward dual composition control system is shown. In this configuration, the distillate flow is manipulated to control the distillate composition by maintaining the relationship ... 

Within the framework of current transport theories, the task of the chemist is to prepare donor molecules in which the molecule has the appropriate oxidation potential, orbital delocalization, and solubility. Further, the effects of dipolar disorder and intermolecular dimer sites must be minimized. Finally, the physical and chemical interactions of the transport and generation materials (whether in a single or dual-layer configuration) must promote efficient charge generation and injection. The systematic integration of all of these characteristics is indeed formidable. 

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