Drying oils, activation

These oxazolines have cationic surface-active properties and are emulsifying agents of the water-in-oil type. They ate acid acceptors and, in some cases, corrosion inhibitors (see Corrosion). Reaction to oxazoline also is useful as a tool for determination of double-bond location in fatty acids (2), or for use as a protective group in synthesis (3). The oxazolines from AEPD and TRIS AMINO contain hydroxyl groups that can be esterified easily, giving waxes (qv) with saturated acids and drying oils (qv) with unsaturated acids. 

Unsaturated (drying) oils, like linseed oil, etc., will rapidly heat and ignite when distributed on active carbon, owing to the enormous increase in surface area of the oil exposed to air, and in the rate of oxidation, probably catalysed by metallic impurities [1]. A similar, but slower, effect occurs on fibrous materials such as cotton waste [2],... 

Graphical representation of the activation and polymerization phenomena of drying oils is possible by means of the specific refraction and the iodine value74, as shown in Fig. 84. 

CHLOREZ is compatible with most commonly used resins, rubbers, plasticizers, waxes, and drying oils. Because of their very high active halogen content and low cost, CHLOREZ products are finding wide usage as flame retardant additives in coatings, inks, plastics, foams, adhesives, paper and fabrics. 

The fatty acid alkyl chain is susceptible to oxidation both at double bonds and adjacent allylic carbons. Eree-radical and photooxidation at aUylic carbons are responsible for deterioration of unsaturated oils and fats, resulting in rancid flavors and reduced nutritional quality, but they are also used deliberately to polymerize drying oils. Oxidation of double bonds is used in oleochemical production either to cleave the alkyl chain or to introduce additional functionality along the chain. Enzyme catalyzed oxidation is the initial step in the production of eicosanoids and jasmonates (biologically active metabolites in animals and plants respectively) but is not discussed further here. 

Use Reagent for characterizing phenols intermediate in the manufacturing of bactericides, insecticides, surface-active agents, and the upgrading of drying oils. 

To improve the drying properties of nonconjugated drying oils (linseed, perilla, etc.) so-called activation processes have been developed, in which the double bonds are shifted into the conjugated positions. Thus, the oils are rendered more active with respect to polymerization and oxidation, i.e., to drying. 

The course of the activation process can be followed by measuring the diene value (6), ultraviolet spectra (7), specific refraction, and iodine value 8). This last principle allows an easy detection of the conjugation reactions in connection with polymerization processed of drying oils under different conditions, because of the considerable increase of the specific refraction during conjugation. 

Electrophilic catalysts that are used for cationic piperylene oligomerization posses various activity (see 1.4.2). This determines principle possibility of improvement of industrial production of synthetic drying oil at stage of piperylene cationic oligomerization by selection of catalytic systems with corresponding activity and selectivity. 

To make washing active to clean oils, fat and grease from textiles, soap (detergent) has to be added to water. To make dry cleaning active to clean salts, sugar and the like from textiles, dry cleaning detergent has to be added to the solvent. 

The electrophilic catalysts used for cationic piperylene oligomerisation display different activity which stipulates in principle, the ability of upgrading the commercial production of synthetic drying oil at the stage of cationic piperylene oligomerisation by selecting a catalytic system with corresponding activity and selectivity. 

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