Drums drum locations

Sizing of the blowdown drum and location of the level instruments are based on the following guidelines. The reader should refer to Figure 2 while reviewing the following items. 

FIGURE 17.30 This 35-year-old drum of radioactive waste has corroded and leaked radioactive materials into the soil. The drum was located in one of the nuclear waste disposal sites at the U.S. Department of Energy s Hanford, Washington, nuclear manufacturing and research facility. Several storage sites at this facility have become seriously contaminated. 

Well, if the liquid level in the reflux drum is located 20 ft above the condenser, does this mean that the liquid level in pipe feeding the condenser is also 20 ft above the condenser Is this possible No ... 

Contrary to the implication of Fig. 2, the condenser is usually not located at the top of the column and instead is often located some 3 to 6 m above the ground on a permanent scaffold or platform. The reflux drum is located beneath the condenser. A pump sends the reflux liquid to the top of the column and the distillate to storage or further processing. 

Ensure the waste drum is located at the at the exit door within the laboratory, so that removal of PPE is performed with the occupant on the sticky mat to prevent contamination of shoes. 

Location of buried materials at a hazardous waste site is usually for the purpose of remedial action l.e., excavating these materials and ultimately disposing of them. The key unknowns are type (bulk-dumped or packaged in drums or other containers), quantity (volume of waste number of drums), and location, particularly depth of burial. The concerns are for safe excavation without puncturing containers or breaching any existing trench liners and thus aggravating the cleanup problems. 

This example is intended to demonstrate the process dynamics methodology as implemented on a single equilibrium stage. A stream of light hydrocarbons is sent to a distillation column where the C3 s and lighter components are separated from the C4 s. Since the feed composition fluctuates substantially, it is sent to a flash drum located upstream of the column in order to attenuate the composition fluctuations and thereby improve the column controllability. The vapor and liquid products from the flash drum are then sent to different trays in the column. 

The vapor product system in Fig. 9.3 is one example of a system that favors location C (60, 369). If the relief valve is upstream of the condenser (location A), the air condenser will be inert-blanketed and become completely ineffective during a power failure. A relief valve on the reflux drum (location C) will meiximize condensation. Location C also offers easier access to maintenance and a shorter blowdown line. 

Avoiding refluxing of the component back into the column A typical example is the reflux drum boot technique, commonly applied in hydrocarbon separations where water is the impurity. The boot may be an integral part of the drum (Fig. 13.4), or a separate drum located at ground level. Some guidelines for boot sizing are in Sec. 15.14. 

To overcome this problem, a submerged condensate pot is often installed instead of the steam trap (Fig. 17.le) as described earlier (item 5 above). An alternative remedy is replacing the steam trap by a level condensate pot (Fig. 17.1/). By varying the level control set point, the surface in the reboiler can be adjusted so that the reboiler operates at a pressure high enough to ensure condensate removal at all times without a pump. Note that the bottom of this drum is located below the bottom of the condensing side of the reboiler (189) otherwise, "dry reboiler operation at high rates will not be possible, and reboiler capacity will be reduced. 

ISO 4577 [198] covers the thermal oxidative stability of polypropylene. Test pieces are mounted on a rotating drum located in a forced air circulating oven set to the preferred temperature value of 150 C, although where the effect of temperature on the stability is required, temperatures down to 100°C may be used (Fig. 34). The failure time in this standard is taken as the time in days for the test pieces to show localized crazing, crumbling. and or discoloration. 

Calculations show that using a uranium dioxide fuel with 60% enrichment on with a zirconium hydride moderator makes it possible to obtain a core size of no more than 25 cm. The reactor is controlled by rotary steel drums with insertion from boron carbide, all drums are located in the reflector. The reactor shielding has a total thickness of 2 m, consisting of two layers light (1.6m) and heavy (0.4m) concrete. 

Benali and Legros (2004) carried out an experimental study on thermal processing of particulate solids on a valved pulse combustion unit. The test bench consists of a 60 kW natural-gas-fired, valved (flappers) pulse combustor having a 4.63 X 10" m combustion chamber, horizontal tailpipe with variable geometry, and a cylindrical drum. The particulate solid used was clean sand (311 pm and 2646 kg/m ), which flows within the tailpipe and was collected by the cylindrical drum located at its end. The sand flow rate was varied from... 

BuUitt County, Kenmcky. One of the first sites selected for Superfund cleanup was an abandoned 30-acre site. It became known as the Valley of the Drums, located on the Smith Farm near Brooks, KY. Estimates indicated that 100,000-200,000 drums are buried or partially buried on the site. Some contain waste, but the contents of all are not known. There are numerous streams of leachate at the site. Many drain into a tributary to the Bluelick Creek, a source of drinking water for potentially 300 people. 

The ACS controls the system. Nine of 12 control drums located in the reflector are controlling members and are actuated by one automatic control (AC) drive located behind the radiation shielding. 

An alternate supply of process materials, catalysts, or reactants, such as temporary tanks or drums located within the facility. 

For example, assume a depropanizer reflux drum is located 12 ft above... 

Figure 20-3 illustrates a typical water trapout tray scheme. The trapout pan itself is too small to make a decent separation between water and hydrocarbon. A mixed phase is drawn off and flows to a small drum (boot) located at grade. In the boot, a good separation is made between the two... 

Drums are located within a process unit either adjacent to related equipment (e.g, the reflux drum) or as a standalone operation (e.g., a condensate collection drum). When operating within process sequence of related items (e.g., pumps, condensers, and towers), the drum should be positioned to facilitate an orderly and economic piping interconnection between itself and those items. 

Within the conventional inline process unit, drums and their related items are generally located on either side of a central pipe rack serviced by auxiliary roads for maintenance access. In certain cases (e.g., for flash drums and deaerators), drums can be located above the pipe rack. In chemical plants, drums are generally located at all levels of enclosed or open-sided structures. For eixample, Exhibit 5-4 shows the drum location in a tower reflux system. Exhibit 5-5 shows the typical location of feed surge and compressor suaion drums, and Exhibit 5-6 shows the drum locations in an enclosed chemical plant stnicture. 

Drum Locations in an Enclosed Chemical Plant Structure... 

For tall vertical drums, platforms are usually circular and supported by brackets attached to the shell of the drum. Platforms at horizontal drums are usually rectangular and are supported by brackets attached to the concrete piers supporting the drum or trunnions attached to the shell of the drum, or by struaural steel supported from grade. Drums located in structures, if size permits, use the struaure floor for access to controls. Top head platforms on horizontal and vertical installations are supported by trunnions attached to the vessel head. Generally, access to freestanding drum platforms is by ladder. Typical drum platform arrangements are shown in Exhibit 5-19. 

If required, piping at horizontal freestanding drums should be supported from the shell of the drum, the platform steel, or the concrete piers supporting the drum. Piping associated with drums located within structures should be supported from the struaural steel. Exhibit 5-24 shows tjpical pipe supports at a horizontal drum, and Exhibit 5-25 shows a typical pump suaion arrangement... 

Removal space should be provided above drums furnished with mixers. If the drum is located within a struaure, a removable section of the floor above should be provided. Exhibit 5-32 illustrates a drum with a mixer. 

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