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Drugs detrimental effects

There does, however, appear to be a ceiling on the acute dosage of caffeine that will enhance reaction time. At relatively low doses given prior to simple tasks or highly practiced complex tasks, the drug does enhance RT.41 104-117-143-144 However, these results may not apply to more complex tasks that have not been extensively practiced. For example, Lieberman79 found that 64 mg of caffeine decreased RT on a simple visual task in which the subject had to identify an object. However, the same dose of caffeine had no effect on RT when the subject had to choose objects in a more complex task. In fact, caffeine has been found to have detrimental effects on reaction times in some complex tasks.51 104 145 Again, there appears to be an inverted-U relationship between overall arousal — induced by the combination of caffeine and other arousal factors — and performance on reaction time tasks. [Pg.271]

Figure 2.9. An estimate of the detrimental effects of some NP-rich drugs and some synthetic drugs suggests that cannahis (with its important NP THC) is less harmful than some widely used legal substances. (See Nutt D, King LA, Saulsbury W, Blakemore C. (2007). Development of a rational scale to assess the harm of drugs of potential misuse. The Lancet, 369,1047-53.)... Figure 2.9. An estimate of the detrimental effects of some NP-rich drugs and some synthetic drugs suggests that cannahis (with its important NP THC) is less harmful than some widely used legal substances. (See Nutt D, King LA, Saulsbury W, Blakemore C. (2007). Development of a rational scale to assess the harm of drugs of potential misuse. The Lancet, 369,1047-53.)...
Because of the potential detrimental effects on the fetus, in particular teratogenicity, extreme caution must be exercised with administration of drugs during pregnancy, especially during the first trimester. After delivery, drugs given to the mother may also reach the infant via breast milk. [Pg.281]

The presence of contaminants, though undesirable in all kind of drug formulations, is really critical in that intent for parenteral administration. Patients who require intensive or prolonged parenteral therapy, the immunocompromised, and neonates and infants might have increased susceptibility to the detrimental effect of contaminants. [Pg.527]

The use of ACE inhibitors in treating heart failure has therefore increased dramatically over the last several years.53 There is evidence that these drugs should be used even more extensively and in higher doses, especially in the early stages of this disease.32,48 By reducing the detrimental effects of angiotensin II on the vascular system, early use of ACE inhibitors may prevent or delay the progression of this disease (see the next section, Effects and Mechanism of Action of ACE Inhibitors ). [Pg.339]

Clinical trials of buspirone have shown the drug to be slower in onset of action compared with diazepam, but it produces significantly less sedation and fewer detrimental effects on psychomotor function than the benzodiazepines. The main advantage of buspirone would therefore appear to be in its lack of dependence, amnestic and sedative effects. However, its slower onset of action and its lower efficacy in alleviating the somatic symptoms of anxiety make it unlikely that it will replace the therapeutically effective and proven benzodiazepines, despite the greater frequency of their side effects. Whether ipsapirone and gepirone, which are still in clinical development, will be therapeutically superior to buspirone can only be assessed after they become more widely available for clinical use. [Pg.238]

Many of the detrimental effects of toxicants have been observed with pharmaceutical agents. These are often administered to millions of people so that even a miniscule fraction of subjects who have adverse reactions will be observed, medical supervision of subjects is usually rather thorough, and cause and effect is relatively easy to establish. On August 8, 2001, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration announced a voluntary recall of Bayer Pharmaceutical s cholesterollowering drug Baycol (also called Lipobay). Only recently approved and used by about 700,000... [Pg.200]

Odour and taste are important aspects of drug administration. A drug with a poor odour or too bitter a taste will be rejected by patients, especially children. Furthermore, a drug that causes pain when administered by injection can have a detrimental effect on a patient. The formation of a carrier prodrug can sometimes alleviate some of these problems. For example, palmitic acid and other long chain fatty acids are often used as carriers, since they usually form prodrugs with a bland taste. [Pg.198]


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Detrimental effects

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