Drug interactions polyanions

Yessine MA, Leroux JC (2004) Membrane-destabilizing polyanions interaction with lipid bilayers and endosomal escape of biomacromolecules. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 56 999-1021... 

Another approach to reach delayed release from chitosan matrices are ionic interactions with polyanions. The formation of a polyelectrolyte complex membrane prevents early drug release. Via this method microcapsules can be formed between chitosan and alignate or even nanoparticles can be derived upon the complexation of chitosan with the polyanion tripolyphosphate. 

The mechanism of macrophage activation with polymer drugs such as synthetic polynucleotides and polyanionic polymers is not clearly understood. Two possibilities based on physiological responses are (1) the direct interaction or perturbation by the polymer drug with the cell cytoplasma membrane, and (2)... 

Leclercq, L., Boustta, M., Vert, M. A physico-chemical approach of polyanion-polycation interactions aimed at better understanding the in vivo behaviour of polyelectrolyte-based drug delivery and gene transfection. J. Drug Target. 2003,11 (3), 129-138. 

Complexation in its various forms plays a key role in the homo- and copolymerization of 1-alky 1-4-vinylpyridinium ions. Intermonomer associations are believed responsible for the enhanced poly-merizability of monomers with long alkyl chains (C , n > 6) on nitrogen, the ability of the title monomers to copolymerize with anionic and Ti-rich monomers, and the strong dependence on concentration for homopolymerization of all these cationic monomers. Hydrophobic interactions between lipophilic monomers, electrostatic attraction between cationic and anionic monomers, and charge-transfer complexation between Ti-rich and Ti-deficient monomers have all been observed to control polymer formation. Monomer organization/orientation on polyanion templates, at organic solvent-water interfaces and in ordered multiple-phase systems such as micelles, membranes, vesicles, and microemulsions have been used with limited success in attempts to control the microstructure (e.g. tacticity, monomer sequence) in the related polymers. Interpolymer complexes of poly(l-alky 1-4-vinylpyridinium ions) with natural and synthetic poly anions represent a rich resource for the development of selective electroanalytical methods, for efficient new separation procedures, for manipulation of biomembranes in drug dehvery, and numerous other applications. 

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