Drug-induced nephrotoxicity mechanism injury

Kandasamy K, Chuah JK, Su R, Huang P, Eng KG, Xiong S, Li Y, Chia CS, Loo LH, Zink D. 2015. Prediction of drug-induced nephrotoxicity and injury mechanisms with human induced plu-ripotent stem cell-derived cells and machine learning methods. Scientific Reports 5 12337. 

When analyzed as a whole, the data about acute TAC nephrotoxicity suggest that although the net effect of this drug on vascular reactivity, tubular cells and renal function is similar to that caused by CSA, the mechanisms of TAC-induced functional renal injury are probably distinct from those implicated in CSA-induced acute nephrotoxicity. 

The agents currently used as radiocontrast media are triiodinated benzoic acid derivatives and may be ionic (e.g., sodium diatrizoate) or nonionic (e.g., iotrol, iopamidol). The mechanism of nephrotoxicity induced by radiocontrast media involves both renal hemodynamic changes and direct tubular injury, and these effects are related to the high osmolarity of the drugs (up to 1965mOsml ). 

---