Droplet density profile

The interaction of a simple fluid with a single chemically heterogeneous substrate has also been studied. Koch et al. consider a semiinfinite planar substrate with a sharp junction between weakly and strongly attractive portions and investigate the influence of this junction on the density profile of the fluid in front of the substrate [172-174]. Lenz and Lipowsky, on the other hand, are concerned with formation and morphology of micrometer droplets [175]. 

Figure 1. Density profiles for a droplet confined to a finite volume as predicted by YBG theoiy (solid line) are compared with the results of molecular dynamics simulations (7) ( ). The reduced temperature, kT/e=0.71, is near the triple point. The total number of atoms in each of the tems is indicated.

FIGURE 7.3 (a) Density profile of water droplet across x-axis from center of mass of droplet, (b) Schematic... 

Filaments were visible in the beam profile at the exit of the fog as soon as the transmitted pulse energy was greater than 25 mJ (45 GW), corresponding to 15% transmission (extinction coefficient 0.2 m-1). Hence, filamentation can be transmitted in a fog over a distance comparable with the visibility. In this configuration the particle density was 8.6 x 104 cm 3, so that the mean free path for a 100 pm filament was 0.5 mm Each single filament hits on average 2000 droplets per meter propagation. However, since the droplet radius is about 100 times smaller than the filament diameter, the filaments them-... 

Figure 7.8 Schematic scattering length density (sld or p x 1010 cm-2) profile fitted to SANS data from surfactant-stabilised D20-in-C02 microemulsion droplets. (From Ref. [55], reprinted with permission of Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH Co. KgaA.)...

Figure 37.2 shows the effect of reactor temperature on the solute concentration profile at the onset of precipitation within a droplet with 5 pm initial diameter for a given initial droplet number density, Nq, carrier gas flow rate, Q, and initial relative humidity, RHq, and initial solution concentration, Co [10]. The tubular reactor s inside diameter is 10 mm. The concentration profile inside the droplet depends on the operating conditions and reactor geometry. For reactor conditions of their study... 

Fig. 37.2 Solute concentration profile within the droplet for various wall temperatures for given initial droplet size dg, droplet number density Ng, carrier gas flow rate Q, initial relative humidity, RHo = 10%, and initial solute concentration Co = 2 M. (Reprinted from [10] with permission. Copyright 2009 of Taylor Francis)...

Figure 1 illustrates the sequential Stokes interaction within the droplet. Unlike the incident pump at which is localized mainly at the focal spot, the field of the 1st Stokes with >2 shift is distributed around the interface. Thus the pumping length of this 1st Stokes wave is 2ta while that of the incident wave is only a fraction of a. When several I s are included, the density of MDR s is such that at least one MDR exists within the Raman gain profile at X2S to provide the necessary feedback for the Stokes wave at X2s" processes then repeat for the nth-order Stokes... 

Values for the liquid-vapor surface tension can and have been obtained experimentally [30] by fitting the measured profile to the profile calculated by Bashforth and Adams [29]. In this manner one obtains p, and thus c, if the volume of the droplet and the liquid and vapor densities are also known. 

In principle, the analysis of the droplet profile near the triple line provides quantitative information on the shape of the "effective interface potential" or the excess free energy of a thin wetting film due to intermolecular interactions [see also chapter 3). In turn, the so-called "line tension"—or the energy density of the triple line—can be estimated by integration of the effective interface potential. Alternatively, the line tension can be inferred from the size dependence of the droplet contact angle according to the "modified Young equation" ... 

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