Drinking water, ozone disinfection

DPA (diphenylanthracene), 1219, 1223, 1226 Drinking water, ozone disinfection, 606, 673, 740 Dmgs... 

Richardson SD, Caughran TV, Poiger T, Guo Y, Gene Crumley F (2000) Application of DNPH derivatization with LC/MS to the identification of polar carbonyl disinfection byproducts in drinking water. Ozone Sci Engin 22(6) 653-675... 

As in the reaction yielding tribromide described above, the reaction coil is heated to 60 °C to speed up the derivatization reaction. The authors determined the minimum detection limit for bromate according to EPA standards [58] to be 0.5 ig/L A representative chromatogram is shown in Fig. 7-30. The post-colunm derivatization with o-dianisidine is only interfered with by large amounts of chlorite (> 200 mg/L) which also reacts with o-dianisidine and elutes ahead of bromate. Chlorite interferences are only possible, however, if drinking water is disinfected with a mixture of chlorine dioxide and ozone. 

Chlorine Dioxide. Like ozone, chlorine dioxide [10049-04-4] is a powerflil oxidant. It is usually generated as used. It has been used for disinfecting drinking water and bleaching paper pulp. Its effectiveness in killing microorganisms is well documented (305,306), and it has received recent study as a gas to sterilize medical devices. It requites 50% rh or higher to be effective. Bacterial cells had a D-value of 2.6 min and spores of 24 min (307). 

Ozone applications in the United States for drinking water are far fewer than in Europe. However, the potential market is large, if environmental or health needs ever conclude that an alternate disinfectant to chlorine should be required. Although energy costs of ozonation are higher than those for chlorination, they may be comparable to combined costs of chlorination dechlorination-reaeration, which is a more equivalent technique. One of ozone s greatest potential uses is for municipal wastewater disinfection. 

J. Katz (ed.). Ozone and Chlorine Dioxide Technology for Disinfection of Drinking Water, Noyes Data Corp., Park Ridge, New Jersey, 1980, 659 pp. R. G. Rice and M. E. Browning, Ozone Treatment of Industrial Wastewater, Noyes Data Coip., Park Ridge, New Jersey, 1981, 371 pp. 

Richardson SD et al. (1999) Identification of new ozone disinfection byproducts in drinking water. Environ Sci Technol 33 3368-3377. 

Hammes F, Salhi E, Koster O, Kaiser H-P, Egli T, von Gunten U (2006) Mechanistic and kinetic evaluation of organic disinfection by-product and assimilable organic carbon (AOC) formation during the ozonation of drinking water. Water Res 40 2275-2286... 

Keywords Chloramination, Chlorination, Chlorine dioxide, DBFs, Disinfection by-products, Drinking water. Occurrence, Ozonation, Swimming pools. Toxicity... 

Richardson SD, Thruston AD Jr, Krasner SW, Weinberg HS, Miltner RJ, Schenck KM, Narotsky MG, McKague AB, Simmons JE (2008) Integrated disinfection by-products mixtures research comprehensive characterization of water concentrates prepared from chlorinated and ozonated/postchlorinated drinking water. J Toxicol Environ Health A 71 (17) 1165-1186... 

Zoeteman BCJ, Hmbec J, de Greef E, et al. 1982. Mutagenic activity associated with by-products of drinking water disinfection by chlorine, chlorine dioxide, ozone and UV-irradiation. Environ Health Perspect 46 197-205. 

Ozone has many industrial applications. It is a sterilizing and deodorizing agent. It is used for disinfection of filtered drinking water and to purify waste-waters. It also is used in water treatment plants for removal of metal impurities by oxidizing them into insoluble compounds. This removes undesired taste, odor, and color from the water. Ozone also is used for odor control. 

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